The PSAT Score Range (Updated for New 2015 PSAT)

The PSAT Score Range (Updated for New 2015 PSAT) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips College Board is mixing things up. With the new suite of assessments starting to roll out this fall, the new PSAT is one of the first tests to debut. Apart from changes in content and structure, the new PSAT will use a different scoring system than the one used in previous years. This new scale will correspond with, though not match exactly, the scale for the new SAT. This article will go over the new PSAT score range, along with explaining what your PSAT scores will mean for National Merit and your performance on the SAT. Let's check out the new scoring system. What's the New PSAT Score Range? Gone is the old PSAT score range of 60 to 240. The new PSAT will be scored on a scale from 320 to 1520. Math will actually count for one half of this composite score, and the Reading and Writing (which will be called Writing and Language) sections will count for the other half together.You'll get subscores for Math, Reading, and Writing and Language between 8 and 38. Then Reading and Writing will be considered together, and Math will make up for the other half. To get your Math scaled score, you simply multiply your section score by 20. A score of 30 on math, for instance, would convert to a scaled score of 600 (30 x 20 = 600). To get your Reading and Writing score, which again are combined, you add each section score and multiply by 10. Let's say you get a 32 on Reading and a 35 on Writing. Your scaled score would come out to 670 (e.g., (32 + 35) * 10 = 670). Here's another example, where the student scored a 28 on Reading, 32 on Writing, and 34 on Math. Test Test Score Section Score Total Score Reading 28 (28 + 32) * 10 = 600 600 + 680 = 1280 Writing and Language 32 Math 34 34 * 20 = 680 For each section, you could get a minimum scaled score of 160 and a maximum of 760. Your PSAT score report will further break down your performance by question type so you have a detailed sense of how you did. The verbal sections will show additional scoring between 1 and 15. Another major change is that the new PSAT will have rights-only scoring. You won't get any point deductions for wrong answers. Instead, your raw score will be added up one point at a time for each correct answer. Why Do PSAT Scores Matter? Your PSAT scores are important for a few reasons. One, as a measure of your college readiness, they give you a sense of your academic strengths and weaknesses and the skills you need to focus on to get ready for college. In a more immediate sense, they help predict how you'll do on the very important SAT. The new SAT will be scored between 800 and 1600. The PSAT scale is shifted slightly lower to account for the fact that it's a slightly easier test than the SAT. While a 1520 on the PSAT doesn't necessarily equate to a 1600 on the SAT, it still suggests you'll get a very strong score. If you're scoring lower than you'd like, you can use your score report to figure out how to prep to improve on the SAT. Apart from helping you predict and get ready for the SAT, your PSAT score is important for National Merit distinction and scholarships. Since National Merit looks at scorers in top percentiles, it's important to know your percentiles, along with your scores. Your percentiles compare you to other students who took the PSAT, so you can know how competitive your scores are. You'll actually get a few different percentile measures on your score reports, which I'll explain below. How Do PSAT Score Percentiles Work? Your scores will be assigned a percentile, which compares them to the scores of other test-takers. If you score in the 75th percentile, for instance, then you scored the same as or higher than 75% of other test-takers. The other 25% scored higher than you. You'll actually see three types of percentiles, the Nationally Representative Sample percentile, the User percentile, and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation percentile. The first compares all the other U.S. students in your grade, while the second compares a sample derived from a research study. The National Merit Scholarship Corporation (NMSC) percentile is the important one for National Merit. NMSC uses its own percentile to compare students by state who participated in the same PSAT administration.Read more about National Merit here. Preparing for the PSAT As you can see in the chart above, scoring in the top 1% requires a high score with very few wrong answers in each section. The highest scorers on the PSAT usually take months to a year or more before the test to study with official PSAT practice tests and questions. Older PSAT practice tests are also very helpful, as are practice tests for the new SAT, since the two tests will be very similar. You can use these practice tests to figure out what subjects and question types you need to study most, as well as to time yourself and practice answering questions quickly and efficiently under time limits. One of the best ways to learn and improve is to write down any mistakes or questions you're unsure about. Then take the time to thoroughly review the answer explanations, and drill the same concepts with similar practice questions. That way you can break patterns and answer the same question types correctly the next time. Some students also choose to take the PSAT earlier, like in 9th or 10th grade to gain valuable test-taking experience. Additionally, College Board now offers the PSAT 8/9 and the PSAT 10 for eighth graders, freshmen, and sophomores to gain experience with these tests. Finally, once you do take the PSAT, make sure to check your scores right away. Then you can see if you made it into the top 1% and need to start on your National Merit application. Either way, you can learn what you need to study to further improve your scores on the SAT. What's Next? Are you a sophomore wondering if you should take the PSAT 10 or the PSAT NMSQT? Read all about the differences and how to decide here. If you are taking the PSAT NMSQT as a sophomore, check out what makes a good score for sophomores here. When are you planning to start studying for the SAT? This article helps you figure out your study schedule, as well as gives suggestions for how many hours you need to prep to see certain score improvements. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Major General Romeyn B. Ayres in the Civil War

Major General Romeyn B. Ayres in the Civil War Romeyn Ayres - Early Life Career: Born at East Creek, NY on December 20, 1825, Romeyn Beck Ayres was the son of a doctor.  Educated locally, he obtained an extensive knowledge of Latin from his father who insisted that he study the language relentlessly.  Seeking a military career, Ayres received an appointment to West Point in 1843.  Arriving at the academy, his classmates included  Ambrose Burnside, Henry Heth, John Gibbon, and Ambrose P. Hill.  Despite his grounding in Latin and previous education, Ayres proved an average student at West Point and graduated ranked 22nd of 38 in the Class of 1847.  Made a brevet second lieutenant, he was assigned to the 4th US Artillery.   As the United States was engaged in the Mexican-American War, Ayres joined his unit in Mexico later that year.  Traveling south, Ayres spent the majority of his time in Mexico serving in garrison duty at Puebla and Mexico City.  Returning north after the conflict ended, he moved through a variety of peacetime posts on the frontier before reporting to Fort Monroe for duty at the artillery school in 1859.  Developing a reputation as social and considerate individual, Ayres remained at Fort Monroe into 1861.  With the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter and start of the Civil War that April, he received a promotion to captain and assumed command of a battery in the 5th US Artillery. Romeyn Ayres - Artilleryman: Attached to Brigadier General Daniel Tylers division, Ayres battery took part in the Battle of Blackburns Ford on July 18.  Three days later, his men were present at the First Battle of Bull Run but were initially held in reserve.  As the Union position collapsed, Ayres gunners distinguished themselves in covering the armys retreat.  On October 3, he received an assignment to serve as chief of artillery for Brigadier General William F. Smiths division.  In this role, Ayres traveled south in the spring to take part in Major General George B. McClellans Peninsula Campaign.  Moving up the Peninsula, he participated in the Siege of Yorktown and advance on Richmond.  In late June, as General Robert Lee moved to the offensive, Ayres continued to provide reliable service in resisting Confederate assaults during the Seven Days Battles. That September, Ayres moved north with the Army of the Potomac during the Maryland Campaign.  Arriving at the Battle of Antietam on September 17 as part of VI Corps, he saw little action and remained largely in reserve.  Later that fall, Ayres received a promotion to brigadier general on November 29 and assumed command of all VI Corps artillery.  At the Battle of Fredericksburg the following month, he directed his guns from positions on Stafford Heights as the armys assaults moved forward.  A short time later, Ayres suffered an injury when his horse fell.  While on sick leave, he resolved to leave the artillery as infantry officers received promotions at a faster rate.   Romeyn Ayres - Changing Branches: Asking for a transfer to the infantry, Ayres request was granted and on April 21, 1863 he received command of the 1st Brigade in Major General George Sykes division of V Corps.  Known as the Regular Division, Sykes force was largely composed of regular US Army troops rather than state volunteers.  Ayres took his new command into action on May 1 at the Battle of Chancellorsville.  Initially driving the enemy back, Sykes division was halted by Confederate counterattacks and orders from army command Major General Joseph Hooker.  For the remainder of the battle, it was only lightly engaged.  The following month, the army underwent a rapid reorganization as Hooker was relieved and replaced by V Corps commander Major General George G. Meade.  As part of this, Sykes ascended to corps command while Ayres assumed leadership of the Regular Division. Moving north in pursuit of Lee, Ayres division arrived at the Battle of Gettysburg around midday on July 2.  After a brief rest near Powers Hill, his men were ordered south to reinforce the Union left against an attack by Lieutenant General James Longstreet.  During this time, Sykes detached Brigadier General Stephen H. Weeds brigade to support the defense of Little Round Top while Ayres received a directive to assist Brigadier General John C. Caldwells division near the Wheatfield.  Advancing across the field, Ayres moved into line near Caldwell.  A short time later, the collapse of the Union position in the Peach Orchard to the north compelled Ayres and Caldwells men to fall back as their flank was threatened.  Conducting a fighting retreat, the Regular Division took heavy losses as it move back across the field. Romeyn Ayres - Overland Campaign Later War: Despite having to fall back, Ayres leadership was praised by Sykes following the battle.  After traveling to New York City to aid in suppressing draft riots there later in the month, he led his division during the inconclusive Bristoe and Mine Run Campaigns that fall.  In the spring of 1864 when the Army of the Potomac was reorganized following Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grants arrival, the number of corps and divisions was reduced.  As a result, Ayres found himself reduced to leading a brigade largely composed of regulars in Brigadier General Charles Griffins V Corps division.  As Grants Overland Campaign began in May, Ayres men were heavily engaged at the Wilderness and saw action at Spotsylvania Court House and Cold Harbor.  Ã‚   On June 6, Ayres received command of V Corps Second Division as the army began making preparations to shift south across the James River.  Leading his men, he took part in the attacks on Petersburg later that month and the resulting siege.  In recognition of Ayres service during the fighting in May-June, he received a brevet promotion to major general on August 1.  As the siege progressed, Ayres played a central role in the Battle of Globe Tavern in late August and operated with V Corps against the Weldon Railroad.  The following spring, his men contributed to the key victory at Five Forks on April 1 which helped force Lee to abandon Petersburg.  In subsequent days, Ayres led his division during the Appomattox Campaign which resulted in Lees surrender on April 9. Romeyn Ayres - Later Life: In the months after the end of the war, Ayres directed a division in the Provisional Corps before assuming command of the District of the Shenandoah Valley.  Departing this post in April 1866, he was mustered out of the volunteer service and reverted to his regular US Army rank of lieutenant colonel.  Over the next decade, Ayres performed garrison duty at various posts through the South before aiding in suppressing railroad strikes in 1877.  Promoted to colonel and made commander of the 2nd US Artillery in 1879, he later was posted at Fort Hamilton, NY.  Ayres died December 4, 1888 at Fort Hamilton and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.  Ã‚   Selected Sources Gettysburg: Romeyn AyresArlington Cemetery: Romeyn AyresFind a Grave - Romeyn Ayres

Information System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Information System - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that because of the security weaknesses in the information system, there lies a question about the quality of information used in professional studies. This is potent enough to cripple the organizational assets and degrade the reputation or image of the agency. Consequently, this leads to major economic losses. On the one hand, patients would only normally lose confidence or trust in the agency. In extreme cases, those who are especially emotionally unstable may experience severe physical and/or moral injuries which could lead to death. The HIPPA dictates that professionals in the field of health care must protect any pertinent health information, giving due respect to patients and his/her direct kins and relatives. Therefore, they are prohibited to disclose any information outside their line of duty for this kind of disclosure is not merely unethical, but it is both unlawful and unprofessional. However, even without the code of law, as an individual entru sted with sensitive information and in the right mind, this becomes an automatic moral obligation as a person in a value-driven society. Â  

IT projects risks, success and failures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IT projects risks, success and failures - Essay Example According to Lindquist (2005), to avoid this, Cox Communications did employee empowerment first. They did this by training them on how the system is used to increase ease of adaptability. They also monitored the whole process by drafting an implementation chart which gave timelines on implementation schedule. This helped it have a successful software addition which improved its data handling capabilities. Ford Motor Company decided to replace their old purchasing and procurement systems with a new system. This was to manage their huge transactions; it was also set to provide financial analysis tools which could provide real time results. It was christened the â€Å"Everest† project and was to move supply systems to an internet based model, powered by Oracle as the service providers. This program later has proven to be a costly and involved redistribution of IT staff who were sent to the outlets to upgrade the systems. The company had not fully appreciated the software because the project team gave no clear directions on implementation schedules. Luck has no place in determining success on projects initiated by companies or individuals. What it takes is an adoption of a working formula that ensures the various implementation steps are followed. The first activity done in such kind of a project is needs assessment which looks into the risk factors while at the same time assessing the pros and cons associated with the new system. The management then delegates duties to employees based on areas of competence.

The Cell Cycle Essay Example for Free

The Cell Cycle Essay I. Concept 12.1- Cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells A. Overview 1) The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells or cell division. 2) The cell division process is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells. B. Cellular Organization of the Genetic Material 1) A cell’s endowment of DNA, its genetic information is called its genome. 2) Before the cell can divide to form genetically identical daughter cells, all of the DNA must be copied and then two copies separated so that each daughter cell ends up with a complete genome. 3) The replication and distribution of DNA is manageable because the DNA molecules are packaged into chromosomes. 4) The nuclei of a human somatic cell (all body cells except the reproductive cells) each contain 46 chromosomes made up of two sets of 23, one set inherited from each parent. 5) Reproductive cells or gametes-sperm and eggs-have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells, or only one set of 23 chromosomes. 6) Eukaryotic chromosomes are made of chromatin, a complex of DNA and associated protein molecules. C. Distribution of Chromosomes During Eukaryotic Cell Division 1) After DNA duplication, the chromosomes condense: Each chromatin fiber becomes densely coiled and folded, making the chromosomes much shorter and thick. 2) Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids. The two chromatids, each containing an identical DNA molecule, are initially attached along their lengths by adhesive protein complexes called cohesins. This attachment is known as the sister chromatid cohesion. 3) The duplicated chromosome has a narrow waist at the centromere, a specialized region where the two chromatids are most closely attached. 4) Later in the cell division process, the two sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosome separate and move into two new nuclei, one forming at each end of the cell. 5) Mitosis, the division of the nucleus is usually founded immediately by cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm. 6) You produce gametes by a variation of cell division called meiosis, which yields nonidentical daughter cells that have only one set of chromosomes. II. Concept 12.2- The mitotic phase alternates with interphase in the cell cycle A. Phases of the Cell Cycle 1) The mitotic phase (M) phase, which includes both mitosis and cytokinesis, is usually the shortest part of the cell cycle. 2) Mitotic cell division alternates with a much longer stage called interphase, which often accounts for about 90% of the cell. It is during interphase that the cell grows and copies its chromosomes in preparation for cell division. 3) Interphase can be divided into subphases: * G1 phase (â€Å"first gap†) * S phase (â€Å"synthesis†) * G2 phase (â€Å"second gap†) 4) Mitosis is conventionally broken down into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. B. The Mitotic Spindle 1) Many of the events in mitosis depend on the mitotic spindle, which begins to form in the cytoplasm during prophase. This structure consists of fibers made from microtubules and associated proteins. 2) In animal cells, the assembly of spindle microtubules starts at the centrosome, a subcellular region containing material that functions throughout the cell cycle to organize the cell’s microtubules. 3) An aster, a radial array of short microtubules. The spindle includes the centrosomes, the spindle microtubules, and the asters. 4) Each of the two sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome has a kinetochore, a structure of proteins associated with specific sections of chromosomal DNA at the centromere. 5) During prometaphase, the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores which then moves the chromosomes toward the pole from which those microtubules extend. 6) At metaphase, the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosome are on a plane midway between the spindle’s two poles. This plane is called the metaphase plate. C. Cytokinesis 1) Cytokinesis occurs by a process known as cleavage. The first sign of cleavage is the appearance of a cleavage furrow. 2) The contractile ring of actin microfilaments act as drawstrings. The cleavage furrow deepens, until the parent cell is split in two, creating two daughter cells. 3) In plant cells, vesicles from the Golgi apparatus move along microtubules to the middle of the cell, where they coalesce, producing a cell plate. D. Binary Fission 1) The asexual reproduction of single-celled eukaryotes includes mitosis and occurs by a type of cell division called binary fission, meaning â€Å"division in half†. 2) Prokaryotes also reproduce by binary fission, but the prokaryotic process does not involve mitosis. 3) In E. coli, the process of cell division is initiated when the DNA of the bacterial chromosome called the origin of replication, producing two origins. 4) The origin replicates while the other origin moves to the opposite end of the cell. The cell elongates and replication finishes and a new cell wall is deposited, which in result creates tow daughter cells. E. The Evolution of Mitosis 1) Since prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes, mitosis may have evolved from binary fission. 2) Certain protists exhibit types of cell division that seem intermediate between binary fission and mitosis. III. Concept 12.3-The eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by a molecular control system A. Evidence for Cytoplasmic Signals 1) Hypothesis: The cell cycle is driven by specific signaling molecules present in the cytoplasm 2) Evidence comes from an experiment where they induced cultured mammalian cells at different phases of the cell cycle to fuse. B. The Cell Cycle Control System 1) The sequential events of the cell cycle are directed by a distinct cell cycle control system, a cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle. 2) A checkpoint in the cell cycle is a control point where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle (using signal transduction pathways). 3) If a cell receives a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, it will usually complete the G1, S, G2, and M phases and divide. 4) If it does not receive a go-ahead signal at that point, it will exit the cycle, switching into a nondividing state called the G0 phase. C. The Cell Cycle Clock: Cyclins and Cyclin Dependent Kinases 1) Rhythmic fluctuations in the abundance and activity if cell cycle control molecules pace the sequential events of the cell cycle. These regulatory molecules are mainly proteins of two types: protein kinases and cyclins. 2) Many of the kinases that drive the cell cycle are actually present at a constant concentration in the growing cell, but much of the time they are in inactive form. 3) To be active, such a kinase must be attached to a cyclin, a protein that gets its name from its cyclically fluctuating concentration in the cell. 4) Because of this requirement, these kinases are called cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks. 5) The activity of a Cdk fluctuates with changes in the concentration of its cyclin partner. 6) MPF (maturation-promoting factor) is a cyclin-Cdk complex that triggers a cell’s passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase D. Stop and Go Signs: Internal and External signals at the Checkpoints 1) An example of an internal signal is that kinetochores not attached to spindle microtubules send a molecular signal that delays anaphase 2) A growth factor is a protein released by certain cells that stimulates other cells to divide. 3) Different cell types respond specifically to different growth factors or combinations of growth factors. For example, platelet-derived frpwth factor stimulates the division of a human. 4) The effect of an external physical factor on cell division is clearly seen in density-dependent inhibition, a phenomenon in which crowded cells stop dividing. 5) Most animal cells also exhibit anchorage dependence. To divide the must be attached to a substratum, such as the inside of a culture jar or the extracellular matrix of a tissue. E. Loss of Cell Cycle Controls in Cancer Cells 1) Cancer cells do not heed the normal signals that regulate the cell cycle. They divide excessively and invade other tissues. In addition to their lack of density-dependent inhibition and anchorage dependence, cancer cells do not stop dividing when growth factors are depleted. 2) A logical hypothesis is that cancer cells do not need growth factors in their culture medium to grow and divide. 3) The problem of cancer begins when a single cell in a tissue undergoes transformation, the process that converts a normal cell to a cancer cell. The body’s immune system normally recognizes a transformed cell as an insurgent and destroys it. 4) If the abnormal cells remain at the original site, the lump is called a benign tumor. 5) In contrast, a malignant tumor becomes invasive enough to impair the function of one or more organs. These tumors can proliferate and spread to locations distant from their original site in a process called metastasis.

Education and the Digital Divide :: essays papers

Education and the Digital Divide Closing the digital divide involves many components, starting with the education program and teachers. While schools are integrating new technologies into their programs, teachers are supposed to keep up with the latest technologies and use them in their curriculum to teach students. According to a U.S. Department of Education Report (1999), only 24 percent of new teachers felt sufficiently prepared to integrate technology into the curriculum they were using (Brogan, 2000). The problem is, many teachers did not grow up with computers and are not receiving the training they need to operate them (Brogan, 2000). Starting work as early as 7 a.m. and leaving school as late as 5 p.m. to go home and do even more work, leaves teachers lacking the time to learn new technological skills. Many schools offer training programs for teachers. For example, the Palm Beach County, Florida school district teaches Web basics for teachers at middle schools and magnet schools (Brogan, 2000). This i s a great idea because it is giving teachers the opportunity to learn about technology and it is showing that the school district is interested in helping its employees become better at what they do. Andy Carvin states â€Å" internet access in schools isn’t worth a hill of beans if teachers aren’t prepared to take full advantage of technology† (2000). Schools spend a lot of money on computer hardware and software as well as other technologies without realizing that many of their employees are unprepared to include them in their teaching and use them to their advantages. Educators often use technology as a classroom management tool rather than an educational one, allowing computer time as a reward for good behavior (Clark & Gorski, 2001). The problem with this is that students learn to use the computer for games and such because it is their reward instead of using it on their own time for educational purposes. This is teaching them the wrong idea. Margaret Honey, director of the Center for Children and Technology in NYC said it best, â€Å"The bottom line is, you don’t just put technology into schools or into homes and expect miracles to happen. The technology is only as good as the program that surrounds it† (Meyer, 2002, p.2). â€Å"Education is probably the most important issue that affects the ability to benefit from technology.

Education on health promotion Essay

The dissertation topic of this paper is â€Å"education on health promotion† and problem statement of this dissertation is â€Å"During an 18 month period, the researcher will design, implement and evaluate an HIV/AIDS health promotion program for inpatients in a non- profit hospital located in Los Angeles California. † The literature that has been used in the literature review is related to the topic in aspects of looking at how the health of patients can be promoted. This literature review provides the reader with an overview of the education on health promotion that is related with HIV/AIDS patients (http://library. ucsc. edu). The materials used are all relevant to the topic of discussion in the dissertation. A literature review is supposed to provide the reader with an overview of the research topic as expounded in the literature that has been used. In it, the researcher critically looks at how the authors have presented their information. The reliability and validity of the literature is analyzed and confirmed with the sources cited. Furthermore, in it the objectivity of the researcher is put under scrutiny and the various aspects of the information are evaluated. The ability of the author to persuade the reader on the theses they are talking about is also analyzed. How the literature contributes to the research topic at is also questioned and thus the value of the information is established. A literature review may either be the final product or be part of a research (http://www. isc. edu). In the body and conclusion of the literature review the writer will need to provide as summary of the studies that are found within the literature. Usually only the major contributions towards the research topic are discussed in the literature review. The much that one explains in the review is determined by the space and time available for the literature review. The problems identified in the research conducted by the authors of the literature are also noted during the literature review. Literature review Many scholars are in agreement that there is an urgent and necessary need for a research on the impact of education on health promotion. In regards to the problem statement posed for this topic which is â€Å"During an 18 month period the researcher will design implement and evaluate an HIV/AIDS health promotion program for in patients in a non profit hospital located in los Angeles California†, the literature that has been reviewed dwells specifically on cases that are related to HIV/AIDS. Le Blanc (1993) tries to understand to what extent the Americans know about HIV/AIDS. He tries to understand what sort of information they are familiar with, whether it is about how one can be infected or it is about how to manage the problem once it has been established that one has contracted the disease There has been growing concern of why the spread of HIV/AIDS is still high. The statistics show that the rate of infection is still high yet has been so much advancement made in recognizing how to avoid contracting it. The research is aimed at establishing why this is so and this is to be done in a non-profit making hospital so as to establish which other causes other than money are involved in the lack of protection from contracting the HIV virus. An alarmingly huge percentage of those who are infected do not even know it and may thus spread the virus unknowingly (Brandon W. R. 1999). Despite there being many ways of aiding those who are infected, if one does not know their positive sero-status there is no way that they can benefit from all the research that has been taking place. It has been identified that specific groups of people in the society do not benefit from the researches done because they are sidelined when it comes to obtaining information on the prevention and management of the ailment. Economic hardships experienced by both health workers and those in need of the information limits their ability to get this information (Grusky O. , Liu H. & Johnson M. 2002). This is because none is able to obtain the literature required to keep up to date with what is happening in the world of research. If the health care providers do not have the information then it is hard for the local layman to have more information than they have. Once a person is infected it is also difficult for them to access quality medical care if one does not have money to take care of this. The other people who are even denied medical care are the homosexuals. (Baumgartner T. C Jnr 1998). When it was first discovered, it was assumed to be a disease for the homosexuals and it was supposed to be a punishment for their ‘un-natural’ sexual tastes’. They were therefore stigmatized and up to date they are treated differently by some of the staff in the medical care centers. By ignoring the effects that their attitudes have on the psychology of these patients makes them unwilling to go to these centers to obtain medical care. There is therefore a need to look in to the emotional health of these people. There is also need to modify the medical curriculum so that it may accommodate the minorities in the teachings. This is because if has been noted that these people are not mentioned in the curriculum. It has also been established that the number of young people who are infected is very high and thus the need to introduce policies that will work to help these students live a normal life in school despite their positive serostatus (Committee on Pediatric AIDS 2000). These children have been seen as having the same cognitive ability as those who have tested negative for the virus and therefore should be allowed to attain as high an education as they can manage before the ravages of the disease catches up with them. In the United States, there have been laws and policies passed that protect the rights of such students. There are also outlines of how the school personnel should handle the students who are both affected and infected by the virus. The authors note various ways in which the HIV virus is transmitted and these include unsafe sexual practices, intravenous drug use and also being transmitted to the unborn child by the mother. The best place to provide health related education to young people is in the schools because that is where most young people are to be found everyday (Kolbe L. J. , Talley R. C. & Short R. J. 1999). By using schools to reach out to young people, the health service providers will be able to reach more youths especially those with inadequate resources and thus improve their health. Once the health issues of the youths have been addressed then it is easier for the students to perform much better in their academic pursuit. WHO describes health promotion as being the process that enables the people be able to increase their control over their health and thus be able to improve it. For the people to be able to lead wholesome lives, they have to be well psychologically emotionally and physically (WHO Europe 1986). There is therefore need for the incorporation of psychology treatment in the promotion of health (Leviton L. C 1996). Psychology seems to be aimed at temporally strategies while the public health infrastructure dwells more on long-term strategies. This then means that neither can work in the absence of the other and so they have to be coordinated for them to achieve optimum ability to promote health. It is very important that the ideological part of health promotion and practical part are all combined to bring about a wholesome outlook of the health promotion. (Davies J. K. & MacDonald G. 1998). This is where the ideas developed in psychology are put into practice through the public health infrastructure. There are questions raised on the effect of education relating to sexuality of the youths. There is a debate that it may cause early exploration of the youth about sex (http://www. seicus. org). However those who want it introduced and implemented in schools insist that it is important for it to be used in schools because it helps the youth have more information on sexual issues. Youths are already involved in sexual intercourse and it would be best for them to be educated on the safe practices that can be used to avoid unwanted pregnancies and infection by various STDS including HIV/AIDS infection. This will make them more aware of the various ways in which they can be able to protect themselves and thus promoting their own health. On top of this, there is a need for the academic personnel to be trained on how to deal with infected students. Not only are the teachers to learn how to deal with these students but also they go ahead to teach the rest of the students on how they should live with these students who are infected. The community in general has to be involved in the promotion of health promotion should always be the priority in the society and all the policies that are put in place should be aimed at improving their knowledge base concerning health. The various ways in which their health can be improved in terms of prevention and management should be adequately communicated to them through the various health providers found in the community. In doing this and further reducing the cost of attaining the health services the members of the community would be able to improve their ability to determine their health status and thus be more productive in the society.

That Newfangled Technology

Set Phasers on Stun Case Case 14: That Newfangled Technology Summary: On the morning of September 8, 1923, Lieutenant Commander Donald T. Hunter was assigned to responsible for leading fourteen destroyers of Destroyer Squadron 11 to depart from San Francisco to San Diego. They were returning home after an escorting Battle Division 4 from Puget Sound to San Francisco. At that time, the Destroyer Squadron comprised with leading flagship that commanded by Captain Hunter, USS Delphy (DD-261) and followed by; the four ships of Destroyer Division 33, USS S. P.Lee (DD-310), USS Young (DD-312), USS Woodbury (DD-309), and USS Nicholas (DD-311); the five ships from Destroyer Division 31, USS Farragut (DD-300), USS Fuller (DD-297), USS Percival (DD-298), USS Somers (DD-301), and USS Chauncey (DD-296); and four ships from Destroyer Division 32, USS Kennedy (DD-306), USS Paul Hamilton (DD-307), USS Stoddert (DD-302), and USS Thomson (DD-305). The warships conducted tactical gears and weaponry exe rcises en route, including a competitive speed run of 20 knots. Later in the day, as weather worsened, the ships formed up a column on the squadron leader â€Å"Delphy†. That evening, around 2000 hours (8:00 p. . ), the leading flagship broadcast an erroneous report, based on an improperly interpreted radio compass bearing, showing the squadrons position about nine miles off Point Arguello. About an hour later, the destroyers turned east to enter what was thought to be the Santa Barbara Channel, though it could not be seen owing to the thick fog. Unfortunately, due to a combination of abnormally strong currents and navigational complacency, it led the squadron onto the rocks offshore point and rugged area of San Miguel Island, near Honda Point. Just after turning, Delphy struck the rocks at 2105 (9:05 p. m. ), plowing ashore at 20 knots.More than worse, Delphy was followed by S. P. Lee, which hit and swung broadside against the bluffs. Young piled up adjacent to Delphy and ca psized, trapping many of her fire and engine room crew below. While Woodbury, Nicholas, and Fuller struck reefs and ran aground offshore, Chauncey ran in close aboard Young. However, the alarm sirens slowed Somers and Farragut enough, so they just touched ground before backing off to deeper water while the five other destroyers steered completely clear. Although heavy pounding surf broke over the seven stranded destroyers, eventually breaking the Delphy into two parts.Hundreds of thousands gallons of fuel oil from seven ships spilled into the crashing waves, carbide bombs were exploded when they came in contact with the water, and numerous fires began on the ships and on the surface of the sea. Finally, 23 men died in the ensuring attempts to abandon the ships and make it to shore in the darkness and heavy surf. About 450 survivors from the seven warships made their way slowly to the narrow and rocky beach below the cliff during the hour that followed. S. P. Lee S. P. Lee Fuller Ful ler Woodbury Woodbury Chauncey Chauncey Delphy Delphy Young Young Nicholas Nicholas What Went Wrong:It later turned out to the light that the Squadron was actually several miles north and further east, but Captain Hunter had disbelieved the accuracy of a Point Arguello radio signal. Following the turn, Point Arguello was dead ahead, and distant only about two nautical miles. The Point Arguello light may have been hidden by the fog. However, did Captain Hunter issue an order to change-of course of 95 ° left turn, or did he order his ships to turn to a bearing of 95 ° magnetic? Additional Factors: Communication between Captain Hunter and Radioman Falls: The communication between Captain Hunter and the radioman was misunderstood.The radioman would report the wrong bearings, when the reciprocal bearing should have been reported instead. Had the correct bearings been reported from the beginning, the ship wouldn’t have crashed. â€Å"Newfangled Technology† Feedback: The mistaken â€Å"error† proved that Captain Hunter cannot always rely on his strong self-reliance and that even a skilled mathematician makes mistakes; and that it’s acceptable to rely on technology. There was no feedback given back to Captain Hunter to state its’ reasoning behind the bearing that was being reported to him. Also, there was no feedback given to challenge Captain Hunter’s navigations.If more feedback was given, it could have been sensed that navigation was off route. Continued use of â€Å"That Newfangled Technology†: After the incident of being reported the wrong bearings, Captain Hunter still continued to use the navigation by radio bearing. It was assumed as an honest mistake. It wasn’t until after the crash that Captain Hunter realized that the radioman was giving him the correct bearings from the beginning. This could have been prevented if the system would have been checked after the first wrong bearing, to see what the re asoning behind such an error was; instead of continuing on the journey.More Information: According to an article by Noah Andre Trudeau, â€Å"California Naval History – Point Honda: A Naval Tragedy’s Chain of Errors†, a lean budget and distrust of new technology contributed to a naval tragedy at Honda Point, California (Trudeau, 2012). Speed was the essential creed of the early to mid-20th century destroyer driver. Determination and self-confidence was a style of command in which those qualities could achieve the impossible while in peacetime the same attributes contributed to one of the U. S. Navy’s most significant disasters (Trudeau, 2012).The 18 ships were meant to travel along the California coast to San Diego, with their two high powered and low powered turbines, four tall thin funnels and a book speed topped at 32 knots. Due to the postwar budget cutbacks, they were operating at 20-30% below full complement. Although a lot of live were lost during this tragedy, all the blame wasn’t on Captain Hunter. Everyone played a part, from, Watson’s fixation on making a record 20-knot passage along with his failure to supervise the navigation, Blodgett’s inability to express his concerns, and the silence of the other squadron officers.Uncertainties surround the new technology, unusual weather conditions and minor equipment problems also played a part (Trudeau, 2012). Lesson Learned: This case illustrated the importance of human error and testing all new technology before use. Although all faults in the technology may not be quickly discovered testing all aspects is critical. It is learned that although you may be proficient in a skill and have applicable experience, mistakes still happen. The people with great skill and power, like Lieutenant Commander Donald T.Hunter, are still fallible as human beings. Despite having a fully functioning technology system to navigate, it shouldn’t completely be dependent on. Instead, the two should assist each other, human intelligence and newfound technology. Additional Reference: Trudeau, N. A. (2012, March 2). California Naval History-Point Honda: A Naval Tragedy's Chain of Errors. Retrieved October 29, 2012, from The California State Military Museum: A United States Army Museum Activity: Preserving California's Military Heritage: http://www. militarymuseum. org/PtHonda. html

Midsummer Nights essays

Midsummer Nights essays Love. Everyone thinks they will fall in love or be in love with someone else at one point in there life.Love is a very strong word, in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespear, it was used to its full potential. It could be true love or jus an infatuation that you think is love but it really isnt. First there was the love between Theseus and Hippolyta, which lasted though out the whole play. Then Lysander and Hermia were in love but Demitrius also loved Hermia but that was change later by Oberon. L ater Demetrius falls back in love with Helena but only because he was put under a spell. In this play there were many relationships between all the charaters. I think the play A Midsummer Nights Dream reflects deep truths about love and In Norrie Epstiens essay there were many good points. Most of them were about how all the chatacters were interchangable and how they fell in love. Her most important point was how love becomes a spell. Love dose become a spell or at least seems like one because you dont function right when your in love. That happens alot in this play with Helena and Lysander. Like when Lysander is told that he can not marry Helena he tries to do whatever he can to try to get the duke to let them marry. He even was gonna try to sneak out of athens with Helena jus so they can be together and that makes the reader think that he would not do that if they werent in love. Another good point that Epstien had was that love transforms a mortal into a rarety of imperfection. When people are in love with each other they try to act perfect so that dont make a bad impression. The person thinks that if they act perfect around the person they think they love that they will start to fall in love with each other. That isnt how it works every time though so you are doing all that work for nothing. This is what is meant by transforming and it happens alot in real ...

Overview of the Business School Application Process

Overview of the Business School Application Process Business School Applications Defined A business school application is a general term used to describe the application (admissions) process that most business schools use when deciding which students they will admit into a program and which students they will reject.   Components of a business school application vary depending on the school and the level at which you are applying. For example, a selective school may require more application components than a less-selective school. The typical components of a business school application include: Official transcriptsStandardized test scoresRecommendation lettersApplication essays When applying to business school, you will find that the admissions process can be rather extensive. Most of the top business schools are very selective and will look at a variety of factors to determine whether or not you fit with their program. Before you are placed under their microscope, you will want to make sure that you are as prepared as you can possibly be. The rest of this article will focus on business school applications at the graduate level. When to Apply to Business School Begin by applying to your school of choice as soon as possible. Most business schools have either two or three application deadlines/rounds. Applying in the first round will increase your chances of acceptance, because there are more empty spots available. By the time the third round has commenced, many students have already been accepted, which lessens your chances considerably. Read more: MBA Application TimelineRound Admissions StrategyRound Admissions vs Rolling AdmissionsTips for Round Two Applicants Transcripts and Grade Point Average When a business school looks at your transcripts, they are essentially evaluating the courses you took and the grades you achieved. An applicants grade point average (GPA) can be evaluated many different ways depending upon the school. The median GPA for applicants admitted into top business schools is approximately 3.5. If your GPA is less than that, it doesnt mean that you will be excluded from the school of your choice, it simply means that the rest of your application should make up for it. Once you get the grades, youre stuck with them. Make the best of what you have.  Read more: The Role of GPA in Grad School AdmissionsRaise a Bad GPA After the Fact Standardized Tests The GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test) is a standardized exam used by graduate business schools to assess how well students are likely to do in an MBA program. The GMAT exam measures basic verbal, mathematical, and analytical writing skills. GMAT scores range from 200 to 800. The majority of test takers score between 400 and 600. The median score for applicants admitted into top schools is 700.  Read more: Taking the GMATHow Important is Your GMAT ScoreWhen to Retake the GMAT Recommendation Letters Recommendation letters are an essential part of most business school applications. Many business schools require at least two letters of recommendation (if not three). If you want to truly enhance your application, recommendation letters should be written by someone who knows you very well. A supervisor or an undergraduate professor are common choices.  Read more: Recommendations That Work for Business School Applicants10 Sample Recommendation LettersRecommendation Letters FAQ Business School Application Essays When applying to business school, you may write as many as seven application essays ranging between 2,000 and 4,000 words. Essays are your opportunity to convince your school of choice that you are the right pick for their program.  Writing an application essay is no easy feat. It takes time and hard work, but it’s well worth the effort. A good essay will compliment your application and set you apart from other applicants.  Read more: Seven Tips for a Better Application Essay Admissions Interviews Interview procedures vary depending on the business school you are applying to. In some cases, all applicants are required to interview. In other cases, applicants are only allowed to interview by invitation only.  Preparing for your interview is just as important as preparing for the GMAT. A good interview will not guarantee your acceptance, but a bad interview will surely spell disaster.  Read more: Common Interview QuestionsInterview Dos and Donts

Gun Control Legislation (Do stricter laws correlate to lower homicide Thesis

Gun Control Legislation (Do stricter laws correlate to lower homicide rates, fewer gun related crimes and less illegal weapons) - Thesis Example This book illustrates the author’s research on crime, prevention, and the authority to have concealed weapons. He severely condemns the notion that it is unjustified to allow citizens to carry guns, as it is harmful to the society, however, concealed weapons is only dangerous to the criminals and useful to the common man. The writer provides data of 3000 U.S. countries who imposed gun laws over 18 years (Lott, 2010) and as a result, the crime rate like murder, theft went down immediately. Moreover, according to Lott, the people who benefitted were mostly women, Blacks, and individuals living in the rural areas. However, in the book some statistics is rather dull and boring especially the data tables. This book is an excellent read especially for those who believe that gun laws should be implemented. Moreover, the book offers us a variety of debates that help us argue people who are in support of gun control. This source however, does not give much emphasis on the gun laws of A merica, instead, it provides data of gun control laws of other countries. The article gives information about Colorado’s mass killing that took lives of twelve people and fifty eight were injured. Living in America is extremely threatening because a person is more likely to be killed in the US than any other country like Britain, Japan and Germany. Moreover, the article gives credible information about why the crime rate is so high in America by telling, â€Å"two- thirds of the people in America carry guns, whereas in Britain only 10% of the people carry weapons† (Colorado’s dark night). The article shed lights on Obama’s failed strategy of gun control and the condition of the country is getting worse as a result. Every politician hides behind the Second Amendment constitution, which says the people have the right to carry arms. The