Eli Lilly and Company: Innovation in Diabetes Care Essay

Eli Lilly and Company has achievement in produce and sells insulin in the United States in 1923 and in 1995 Eli Lilly has ruled the world insulin advertise with another organization. In any case, Eli Lilly has pass up on some of its’ opportunity in diabetes care when it attempting to sell its’ item to the world. What turned out badly with Eli Lilly during that time? Here are hardly any focuses. Most importantly, Lilly has making a decent attempt to improve their item. Yet, as the case makes reference to when Lilly’s â€Å"Match† item come out, it become an opponent wares to Lilly’s own old item. With regards to item life cycle, it genuine that organization needs to put out new item before the old item become less income yet in this circumstance for Eli Lilly is extraordinary. On account of the market rate it hold in US diabetes care showcase is around 80% and the new item will hurt the income the old item produce. So Eli Lilly really chose not to put it on to the market. It was anything but a cunning thought of deciding to considering its’ income rather than client need. Furthermore, with regards to asking the client what they need. Eli Lilly asked an inappropriate client. Rather than asking the individuals who are really utilizing diabetes care item, Eli Lilly went into specialist. What the specialist needs is absolutely inverse from what the patient need, the specialist need the client come to them consistently in light of the fact that that’s the way that specialist win cash from. In any case, patient or clients need to have the option to control it without anyone else. When Eli Lilly focused on wrong client it in the long run hurt its’ income. Nova is thinking about the fundamental contender for Eli Lilly. Be that as it may, both two organizations set up comparable item into showcase. They attempt to put out the most current item so as to pull in more clients and increase more benefit from it. In any case, does the client truly need those most up to date items. It turns into the inquiry between should the item be customers request direction or innovation execution direction. For this situation, the appropriate response would most likely buyers request direction. Despite the fact that two organizations put out great item however the client used to the item they as of now have. Furthermore, the client are delicate to the cost since those items are utilizing just hardly any occasions and should be change constantly. Despite the fact that there are a few sections that Eli Lilly flop on it yet it make a decent attempt to comprehend what their client truly need. Eli Lilly discovered that client would ready to utilize their new item on the off chance that they did some change to it, for example, increasingly simple for clients to utilizing new item or utilizing other innovation rather than need to infuse. Also, progressively significant is that Eli Lilly discovered that the vast majority of their clients don’t have enough of data about diabetes care. So Eli Lilly set up a Controlled Diabetes Services program (CDS) which teaching individuals and building a network of patients the estimation of their insulin treatment. I think Eli Lilly settled on a decent choice about setting up CDS which can in a roundabout way comprehend what their clients require and permit more individuals have greater chance to become more acquainted with their item and utilize their item. Concentrating on know their client and teaching their client will tell an ever increasing number of individuals their new item and structure a propensity for utilizing their new item. On the off chance that CDS effectively, at that point Eli Lilly new item, for example, Match and Insulin pens will have less issue when it deals available. Rather than keep on contend with comparable item available, Eli Lilly should search for new chances. Eli Lilly ought to approach their clients what their incentive for the item, how they use it to discover the requirement for client. Additionally Eli Lilly need to secure their present market. In pharmaceutical industry, when you lost a client, it will be more earnestly to understand that client back. At the point when clients change to other medication, it will take client effort to become acclimated to the new medication and once client used to the new medication. They will increase regal to it as a result of changing expense and inconveniences it may happen. Indeed, even Eli Lilly have botch a few chances in diabetes care showcase yet its’ attempting to utilizing the assets and new item to recapture their bit of leeway to the diabetes care advertise for instance the CDS program will pick up income, new client and open new market for it. In any case, alongside CDS program, it would need to set up more items. What's more, I do imagine that contrast with innovation execution direction, Eli Lilly ought to go with purchasers request direction. Since of the innovation execution direction serious is solid and it couldn't gain more benefit from it. By changing to buyers request direction will give it more pick and openings.

Toni MorrisonS Essay Recitatif Essays - Recitatif,

Toni Morrison'S Essay ?Recitatif? Imprint Sommers Feldman 11/27/99 Recitatif Toni Morrison's exposition, ?Recitatif? is around two young ladies, Twyla and Roberta, who experience childhood in a shelter in light of the fact that their moms couldn't appropriately think about them. The fundamental subject in ?Recitatif? manages bigotry. An intriguing turn is the secret of the young ladies' race. Leaving signs, yet never expressing whether Twyla or Roberta was dark or white, Morrison clarifies that the young ladies originate from various ethnic foundations. At a certain point in the exposition Twyla remarks, ?that we looked like salt and pepper.? Because of the way that the story is told in the principal individual, it appears to be normal for the peruser to relate Twyla with himself/herself. ?Recitatif? ends up being a critical test, ?toying? with the peruser's feelings and adequately noticing cliché races and their attributes. Morrison never expresses the race of the young ladies for a reason: to make the peruser structure his/her own sentiment. The story starts with Twyla's mom dropping her off at the halfway house. There she met Roberta, who turned into her closest companion, holding since they were not genuine vagrants with ?excellent dead guardians in the sky.? Rather than being ?genuine? vagrants, they were simply deserted children whose mother's didn't need them. In spite of the fact that the young ladies had hardly any companions, their lives didn't need experience. For instance, they delighted in keeping an eye on the young ladies who jumped at the chance to smoke and move, and tragically got a giggle out of shouting mean things at Maggie, the lady who couldn't protect herself since she was quiet. One of the last occasions the young ladies saw each other in the shelter was the day of the excursion. Not long after the outing Roberta's mom came to take her home, denoting the principal little break in their companionship. Whenever they saw each other was years after the fact in the café that Twyla worked. Roberta acts icily towards Roberta mostly on the grounds that she was high off of medications, on her approach to see a Jimi Hendrix show. Twyla was profoundly annoyed that her previous closest companion would treat her so gravely. After twelve years they meet again at a supermarket. Roberta wedded a rich man and was currently called Mrs. Benson; she was wearing dimonds and talked a lot more pleasant to Twyla. At this point, Twyla has one youngster and Roberta has four. Abnormally, Roberta acts very agreeable, similar to she has met her tragically deceased closest companion. Twyla can't keep down her feelings and questions Roberta about their last experience at the eatery. Roberta disregards it, ?Oh, Twyla, you know how it was back then: black?white. You realize how everything was.? A benevolent farewell and the ladies head out in their own direction once more. The third time they meet is at the sch ool where Roberta's children join in. Roberta and different moms were picketing in light of the fact that they didn't need their children to be isolated. This prompted a battle that would be not settled until Twyla and Roberta meet for a last time, cutting off any last possibility of companionship for the ladies. The issue lies inside the hearts of two exceptional ladies, two cherished companions, and two distinct races. ?Recitatif? provokes the peruser to not be critical toward of the either young ladies and acknowledge their shading. Morrison offers hints to urge the peruser to make presumptions about the young ladies' race. From the earliest starting point the creator attests that one young lady is dark and one is white, however not which will be which. There are numerous examples that Morrison utilizes things that are characteristically ?dark? or then again ?white,? nearly imploring one to induce the race of every young lady. In spite of the fact that there is no response to the puzzle, what one chooses for himself/herself says something regarding his/her own ethnic foundation. Morrison flourishes off the generalizations individuals have set for blacks and whites. For instance, Twyla's mom revealed to her that ?those? individuals smelled amusing in light of the fact that they didn't wash their hair. This may propose that Roberta was dark on the grounds that many dark individuals don't wash their hair frequently. Then again she could have been discussing the vagrants not washing appropriately which could make them smell ?amusing.? Everything is by all accounts a hazy area. The evening of the cookout when her mom dropped by, Twyla was humiliated on the grounds that

Whats trending My Computer Vision final project

What’s trending My Computer Vision final project The last couple weeks of my fall semester were almost entirely consumed by my final project for 6.869: Computer Vision. So I thought I would share with you guys what me and Nathan, my project partner came up with! For those of you who aren’t familiar, Computer Vision is the study of developing algorithms resulting in the high-level understanding of images by a computer. For instance, here are some questions you might be able to solve using computer vision techniques, all of which we tackled on our psets for the class. Given a simple natural image, can you reconstruct a 3-d rendering of the scene? On the left: a picture of a simple world comprised only of simple prisms with high-contrast edges on a smooth background. On the right: a 3-d representation of the same world. Given several images that are of the same scene but from different angles, can you stitch them together into a panorama? On the left: original photos from the same landscape. On the right: the same photos stitched together into a single image.   Given an image of a place, can you sort it into a particular scene category? This was actually the focus of an earlier project we did for this class. The project was called the Miniplaces Challenge. We were given 110k 128 x 128 images, each depicting a scene, and each labeled with one of 100 categories. We used these examples to train a neural network that, given a scene image, attempted to guess the corresponding category. Our network was able to attain 78.8% accuracy on the test set. If you’re interested, our write-up for the project can be found here! The ground-truth categories for these scenes are, clockwise from the top left: bedroom, volcano, golf course, and supermarket.   For the final project, our mandate was broad: take our ingenuity and the techniques that we had learned over the course of the class and come up with a project that contributes something novel to the realm of computer vision. There were some pre-approved project ideas, but my partner and I decided to propose an original idea. I worked with Nathan Landman, an MEng student from my UROP group. We wanted to work on something that would tie into our research, which, unlike a lot of computer vision research, deals with artificial, multimodal images, such as graphs and infographics. We decided to create a system that can automatically extract the most important piece of information from a line graph: the overarching trend. Given a line graph in pixel format, can we classify the trend portrayed as either increasing, decreasing, or neither? The challenge: identify the trend portrayed in a line graph   Line graphs show up everywhere, for instance to emphasize points in the news. Left: a graph of the stock market from the Wall Street Journal. Right: a stylistically typical graph from the Atlas news site.   This may seem like a pretty simple problem. For humans, it is often straightforward to identify if a trendline has a basically increasing or decreasing slope. It is a testament to the human visual system that for computers, this is not a trivial problem. For instance, imagine the variety of styles and layouts you could encounter in a line chart, including variations in color, title and legend placement, and background, that an automatic algorithm would have to handle. In their paper about Reverse-engineering visualizations, Poco and Heer  [1] present a highly engineered method for extracting and classifying textual elements, like axis labels and titles, from a multimodal graph, but do not attempt to draw conclusions about the data contained therein. In their Revision paper, Savva, Kong, and others [2] have made significant progress extracting actual data points from bar and pie charts, but not line graphs. In other words, identifying and analyzing the actual underlying data from a li ne graph is not something that we were able to find significant progress on. And what if we take it one step further, and expand our definition of a line graph beyond the sort of clean, crisp visuals we imagine finding in newspaper articles? What if we include things like hand-drawn images or even emojis? Now recognizing the trendline becomes even more complicated. The iPhone graph emoji, as well as my and Nathans group chat emoji. But wait…why do I need this info in the first place?   Graphs appear widely in news stories, on social media, and on the web at large, but if the underlying data is available only as a pixel-based image, it is of little use. If we can begin to analyze the data contained in line graphs, there are applications for sorting, searching, and captioning these images. In fact, a study co-authored by my UROP supervisor, Zoya Bylinskii, [3] has shown that graph titles that reflect the actual content of the chart â€"i.e., mentions the main point of the data portrayed, not just what the data is aboutâ€"are more memorable. So our system, paired with previous work on extracting meaningful text from a graph, could actually be used to generate titles and captions that lead to more efficient transmission of data and actually make graphs more effective. Pretty neat, huh? First things first: We need a dataset   In order to develop and evaluate our system, we needed a corpus of line graphs. Where could we get a large body of stylistically varied line graphs? Easyâ€"we generated it ourselves! Some example graphs we generated for our dataset, and their labels.   We generated the underlying data by taking a base function and adding some amount of noise at each point. Originally, we just used straight lines for our base functions, and eventually we expanded our collection to include curvier shapesâ€"sinusoids and exponentials.  Using Matplotlib, we were able to plot data with a variety of stylistic variations, including changes in line color, background, scale, title, legend…the list goes on. Examples of curvier shapes we added to our data set. Using this script, we generated 125,000 training imagesâ€"100,000 lines, 12,500 sinusoids, and 12,500 exponentialsâ€"as well as 12,500 validation images. (“Train” and “validation” sets are machine learning concepts. Basically, a training set is used to develop a model, and a validation set is used to evaluate how well different versions of the model work, after the model has already been developed.) Because we knew the underlying data, we were able to assign the graph labels ourselves based on statistical analysis of the data (see the write-up for more details). But we also wanted to evaluate our system against some real-world images, as in, stuff we hadn’t made ourselves. So we also scraped (mostly from carefully worded Google searches), filtered, and hand-labeled a bunch of line graphs in the wild, leading to an authentic collection of 527 labeled graphs. Examples of images we collected (and hand-labeled) for our real-world data set. We hand-label so machines of the future don’t have to! Two different ways to find the trendline We were curious to try out and compare two different ways of tackling the problem. The first is a traditional, rules-based, corner-cases-replete approach where we try to actually pick the trendline out of the graph by transforming the image and then writing a set of instructions to find the relevant line. The second is a machine learning approach where we train a network to classify a graph as either increasing, decreasing, or neither. Each approach has pros and cons. The first approach is nice because if we can actually pick out where in the graph the trendline is, we can basically reconstruct a scaled, shifted version of the data. However, for this to work, we need to place some restrictions on the input graphs. For instance, they must have a solid-color background with straight gridlines. Thus, this approach is targeted to clean graphs resembling our synthetically generated data. The second, machine-learning approach doesn’t give us as much information, but it can handle a lot more variation in chart styling! Anything from our curated real-world set is fair game for this model. Option 1: The old-school approach A diagram of the steps we use to process our image in order to arrive at a final classification. Here is a brief overview of our highly-engineered pipeline for determining trend direction: Crop to the actual chart body by identifying the horizontal and vertical gridlines and removing anything outside of them. Crop out the title using an out-of-the-box OCR (text-detection) system. Resize the image to 224 x 224 pixels for consistency (and, to be perfectly frank, because this is the size we saved the images to so that we could fit ~140k on the server). Color-quantize the graph: assign each pixel to one of 4 color groups to remove the confusing effects of shading/color variation on a single line. Get rid of the background. Remove horizontal and vertical grid lines. Pick out groups of pixels that represent a trend line. We do this robustly using a custom algorithm that sweeps from left to right, tracing out each line. Once we have the locations of the pixels representing a trend line, we convert these to data points by sampling at a consistent number of x points and taking the average y value for that x-value. We can then perform a linear regression on these points to decide what the salient direction of the trend is. As you can see, this is pretty complicated! And it’s definitely not perfect. We achieved an accuracy of 76% on our synthetic data, and 59% on the real-world data (which is almost double the probability you would get from randomly guessing, but still leaves a lot to be desired). Option 2: The machine-learning approach   The basic idea of training a machine learning classifier is this: collect a lot of example inputs and label them with the correct answer that you want your model to predict. Show your model a bunch of these labeled examples. Eventually, it will learn for itself what features of the input are important and which should be ignored, and how to distinguish between the examples. Then, given a new input, it can predict the right answer, without you ever having to tell it explicitly what to do. For us, the good news was that we had a giant set of training examples to show to our model. The bad news is, they didn’t actually resemble the real-world input that we wanted our model to be able to handle! Our synthetic training data was much cleaner and more consistent than our scraped real-world data. Thus, the first time we tried to train a model, we ended up with the paradoxical results that our model scored really wellâ€"over 95% accuracyon our synthetic data, and significantly worseâ€"66%on the real-world test set. So how can we get our model to generalize to messy data? By making our train data messier! We did this by mussing up our synthetic images in a variety of ways: adding random snippets of text to the graph, adding random small polygons and big boxes in the middle of it, and adding noise to the background. By using these custom data transformations, and by actually training for less time (to prevent overfitting to our very specific synthetic images), we achieved comparable results on our synthetic dataâ€"over 94% accuracyâ€"and significantly better real-life performanceâ€"84%. A diagram demonsrating the different transformations our images went through before being sent to our network to train. Looking at the predictions made by our model, we actually see some pretty interesting (and surprising) things. Our model generalizes well to variations in styling that would totally confuse the rules-based approach, like multicolored lines, lots of random text, or titled images. That’s pretty coolâ€"we were able to use synthetically generated data to train a model to deal with types of examples it had never actually seen before! But it still struggles with certain graph shapesâ€"especially ones with sharp inflection points or really jagged trends. This illustrates some of the shortcomings in how we generated the underlying data. On the left: surprising successes of our graph, dealing with a variety of stylisic variants. On the right: failures we were and were not able to fix by changing our training setup. The top row contains graphs that our network originally mislabeled, but that it was able to label correctly after we added curvier base functions to our data set. The bottom row contains some examples of images that our final network misclassifies. A note on quality of life during the final project period Unanimously voted (2-0) favorite graph of the project, and correctly classified by our neural net. Computer Vision basically ate up Nathan’s and my lives during the last two weeks of the semester. It lead to several late nights hacking in the student center, ordering food and annotating data. But we ended up with something we’re pretty proud of, and more importantly, a tool that will likely come in useful in my research this semester, which has to do with investigating how changing the title of a graph influences how drastic of a trend people remember. If you are interested in reading more about the project, you can find our official write-up here. Until next time, I hope your semester stays on the up and up! References (only for papers Ive referenced explicitly in this post; our write-up conains a full source listing.) J. Poco and J. Heer. Reverse-engineering visualizations: Recovering visual encodings from chart images. ComputerGraphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis), 2017. M. Savva, N. Kong, A. Chhajta, L. Fei-Fei, M. Agrawala,and J. Heer. Revision: Automated classification, analysis and redesign of chart images. ACM User Interface Software Technology (UIST), 2011.  M. A. Borkin, Z. Bylinskii, N. W. Kim, C. M. Bainbridge,C. S. Yeh, D. Borkin, H. Pfister, and A. Oliva. Beyond memorability: Visualization recognition and recall. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 22(1):519â€"528, Jan 2016. Post Tagged #6.869

International Business Communications Essay - 1332 Words

In the past five decades, changes and advancements in economic relationships, political systems and technological options began to break down state boundaries. Business transformed from one country activity to part of an interdependent international network. As Damen writes â€Å"One cannot live very long and remain totally monocultural in the modern world† (1990, 56). However, international business communications do not effective every time. A wide range of business firms found that their employees were ill equipped for overseas work in the globalizing market. In this case study, Molly and Daniel found that there was a problem in communication between two multinational companies. This essay will analyse this problem of intercultural†¦show more content†¦In spite of those businesspersons tried to make successful communications, they still felt uncomfortable with people from other countries. There are some solutions that lead to success in communicating business with people who have backgrounds which unlike each other. The most important aspect is to learn another culture. Molly and Daniel may not be conducting a comprehensive training program about the cross-cultural awareness because they do not have plenty of time. Still, they can give those businesspersons who belong to multinational companies a presentation about intercultural awareness or a consultation to enhance people’s awareness of cross-cultural. In addition, language and language behaviour, especially non-verbal communication has a very significant role in the intercultural communication, such as clothing, eye-contact, proximity and touching. Molly and Daniel should pay attention to this aspect. Mere knowledge about the language will not be important to sort out the differences and misunderstandings in communication. However, the non-verbal communication is very essential in the process of cross-cultur al communication. Lack of experience in expressing language behaviour properly reduces the self confidence among the people and develops a poor interpersonal relationship. To sum up, the best solution for Molly and Daniel is that introduce cross-cultural awareness to those businesspersons. In short-term, this solution willShow MoreRelatedEssay about International Business Communication2078 Words   |  9 PagesPart I My fast-food franchise has been cleared start a business in United Arab Emirates, Israel, Mexico, and China. I will now begin the construction of my restaurants. The financing of my business will come from the United Arab Emirates, the materials will come from China and Mexico, the technology and engineering will come from Israel, and the labor in the restaurants will consist of hiring employees within the countries that the business is in. My management team from the United States will beRead MoreThe Importance of Understanding Cultural Differences in International Business Communications950 Words   |  4 Pagesglobalization, organizations rely on international transactions to take place to keep their business running. Even with knowledge of how important international interactions are for their companies’ success, miscommunication occurs and someone involved in the transaction is left scratching his or her head. This is a result of the lack of cultural training and underst anding. This paper will discuss the different implications that have been discussed in the international business world. This paper will addressRead MoreImportance Of Writing, Speaking And Listening On International Business Communication948 Words   |  4 PagesImportance Of Writing, Speaking And Listening In International Business Communication Communication is one of the basic thing in life. People may buy product and using services with communication. 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A lot of challenges and opportunities for international business arises and need to be studied in addition to strategies used to seize these opportunities and to overcome the potential barriers. 1.2 Research objective The objective of this research is to study all the internal and external factors affecting the international business environment and the trade barriers thatRead MoreThe Importance of Effective Cross Cultural Communication in International Business (Research Proposal)2551 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Table of Contents List of Abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning CCC Cross Cultural Communication GLOBE Global Leadership and Organisational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program List of Tables Table 1 shows the advancements of Halls theory over time. 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For growth to be optimal, management must first be able to identify the most attractive prospective leadsRead MoreInternational Business Ventures2671 Words   |  11 PagesInternational Business Ventures Measuring a potential business venture has many aspects which the international manager must be aware of in order to convey the correct information back to the decision makers. Being ignorant to any of the aspects can lead to a false representation of the project, and hence an uninformed decision being passed. In order for a business to survive it must grow. For growth to be optimal, management must first be able to identify the most attractive prospective leads

Famous Proverbs Shared From Around the World

Proverbs are usually concise  phrases that give advice or state a truism. Proverbs can sound deep and wise, but it is the cultural context of proverbs that lend them meaning. Without context, these proverbs must be interpreted in light of your own personal experience. Proverbs have been part of human culture for thousands of years. Some of those from China, Africa, and the Middle East, for example, were first coined long before the Roman Empire. Some proverbs from other countries may sound familiar to you. It is common for countries to have their own versions of a proverb. For example, the Dutch proverb Do not wake sleeping dogs appears in the U.S. as Let sleeping dogs lie. They mean the same thing. Here is a collection of famous proverbs from around the world. African Proverbs A kings child is a slave elsewhere. What forgets is the  ax, but the tree that has been axed will never forget. It is no shame at all to work for money.   A loose tooth will not rest until its pulled out.   He who digs too deep for a  fish  may come out with a snake.   The path is made by walking. Australian Proverbs None are so deaf as those who would not hear. Once bitten, twice shy. Dont count your chickens before theyre hatched. A bad worker blames his tools. In the planting season, visitors come singly, and in harvest time they come in crowds. Egyptian Proverbs We tell them it is a bull, they say milk it. Go far, youll be loved more. Do a good deed and throw it into the sea. Time never gets tired of running. Bulgarian Proverbs Tell me who your friends are, so I can tell you who you are. The wolf has a thick  neck  because he does his job on his own.   Measure thrice, cut once.   Help yourself to help God help you.   Chinese Proverbs If youre poor, change and youll succeed. Big fish eat small fish. No one knows a son better than the father.   No shame in asking questions, even to people of lower status. Croatian Proverbs The way it came is the way it will go. Hasten slowly.   All thats well lasts  short.   Dutch Proverbs Cost goes before the profit. Do not wake sleeping dogs. Every little pot has a fitting lid. Think before acting; and whilst acting, still think. English Proverbs When the going gets tough, the tough get going. The pen is mightier than the sword. The squeaky wheel gets the grease. No man is an island. People who live in glass houses shouldnt throw stones. Better late than never. Two wrongs dont make a right. German Proverbs He who rests grows rusty. Starting is easy, persistence is an art. The cheapest is always the most expensive. Make haste with leisure. Hungarian Proverb Who is curious gets old quickly. Russian Proverbs Draw not your bow till your arrow is fixed. When the rich make war, its the poor that die. When the cat is away, the mice will play. Many hands make light work. Be swift to hear, slow to speak.

Painting Vincent Van Gogh, Bedroom in Arles Free Essays

On a smaller canvas than two other similar paintings, Vincent Van Gogh carefully painted for the third time his bedroom in Arles, a charming town in the south of France, and thus created this approximately 22 ? x 29’’ artwork. In fact, Van Gogh made three almost identical paintings on the theme of his bedroom and are named  « Bedroom in Arles  ». The first one, kept at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam is painted in October 1888. We will write a custom essay sample on Painting: Vincent Van Gogh, Bedroom in Arles or any similar topic only for you Order Now About a year after, Van Gogh made two copies: one of which is the same size and is preserved today at the Art Institute of Chicago. The third one is currently at De Young Museum in San Francisco (but originally belongs to the Musee d’Orsay in Paris) and is smaller than the others1. This oil painting on a linen canvas represents Van Gogh’s tidy bedroom. Nothing lets us think that this is the room of a painter. We do not know this because he does not display his painting equipment. Nothing lies around, not even a paint tube in a corner or a brush. This bedroom seems to be for relaxation and not for his work as a painter. Here, he could finally forget his fatigue, have some comfort, sleep in peace. The bed is thus the dominant subject of the painting, suggesting the importance of comfort and rest. By painting his bedroom where everything is in its place, the painter may also want to show that he is a very neat man who cares for himself, and who organizes his life in a reasonable manner. In addition to the prominent bed, this room exudes quietness and expresses, absolute rest by its various shades. Indeed, the room has beautiful shiny colors. In Holland, where the painter was born2, the weather is not always nice and the sky is therefore often gray. Here however, there are multiple vibrant colors that certainly illustrate the happy life he had in France. Perhaps he had come to Arles for the sun and for him, it was an immense joy to live in such bright bedroom, bursting with colors. What is also fascinating about this piece of art is how the painter highlights the simplicity of his bedroom through the medium of color:  « the pale lilac walls, the floor of an old brown, the chairs and bed chrome yellow, the blood red cover, the orange little table and the blue basin†, as the painter describes it. Van Gogh asserted that he wanted to express a complete rest by handling all these different shades2. The color black, which could be evocating a certain form of anguish, is almost nonexistent in this painting. Only the frame of the mirror and windows is black. We wonder if this could mean that Van Gogh was afraid of his future and afraid to face up to reality. This is a possibility. In fact, despite the evidence of his happiness, present in this painting, Van Gogh was not married2 and many clues here let us think that he wished to be. Although the bedroom is very sparsely furnished and only contains essential items (which shows, in addition to the choice of colors, a great simplicity), we notice that many of these objects go together in pairs (two pillows, two chairs, two portraits on the wall, two drawings, and even two doors). Thus, this painting on canvas was perhaps his way of expressing his wish to meet someone and that his bedroom was arranged so as to welcome her. But because it was just him in this bedroom, he certainly felt less lonely by doubling the objects. Van Gogh’s painting consists almost entirely of straight lines. This is reminiscent of a children’s coloring which would have been filled in with color pencils, because the edges of objects are bolder and their filling up seem almost slapdash, neglected. This elaborate post-impressionist design may be compared to such work as Georges Seurat’s A Sunday on La Grande Jatte (book p. 370). But whereas Van Gogh favored paintings composed of multiple thin brush strokes, Seurat preferred the use of the pointillism system, which consisted of â€Å"applying color to the canvas in tiny dots. 3† In this painting of Seurat, the color also focuses on hues. There are numerous colors too, their contrast is intense, and the sun shine, like in the Van Gogh’s bedroom, fills the picture, suggesting happiness and tranquility. Like Van Gogh, Seurat played with repetitive forms (the parasols, people in profile, trees, and boats). People in this piece are rigid. In fact, they do not seem to move, but on the contrary, seem to be strangely paralyzed, paralleling the furniture of Van Gogh’s bedroom. Strangely, Van Gogh’s furniture seems to be even more â€Å"alive† than the people in the Seurat’s painting. The two painters did not have the same approach when they decided which colors they wanted to illuminate their canvases; while Van Gogh was guided by his emotions and instant feelings, Seurat carefully analyzed the colors and â€Å"meticulously calculated values. † But in both pieces, Van Gogh and Seurat express their sense of organization by making objects, forms, motifs and colors coherent. To conclude, the mesmerizing, luminous colors, and the well organized motifs of the depiction of Van Gogh’s bedroom, were not the game of chance. Everything in this painting seems to echo the emotions of Van Gogh, expressing at the same time his happiness in Arles and the great pea ce and tranquility he felt there, but also his desire to find his soul mate, with who he could share his home and thus, reach happiness certainly even more. How to cite Painting: Vincent Van Gogh, Bedroom in Arles, Papers

Population Control Essay Example For Students

Population Control Essay In early years human population and population growth has not been an issue. This is because of the variety of different environmental factors. Sickness and disease has played a large role in keeping human population under control since the beginning of time. It seemed that when a population would get over crowded an epidemic such as, the influenza or small pox would break out. This would drastically decrease the population enough that it would be under control again. Famine is another great controller of population. When a famine strikes an area only the few with enough food will be able to reproduce or even survive. An examination of world population control would not be complete with out including war. War also performs wonders at controlling population by murdering most men of child rearing age. In todays day and age, with our current technology increases disease outbreak and famine (except in some 3rd world countries) is not much of a factor any more. War is not considered a val id population control method due to todays ?new? wars. Without the three largest population controllers much of a factor anymore population is free to run out of control. This provides us with an ever-increasing controversy; this is whether government or society should dictate family size. I believe that society can infringe indirect controls over family size, but these are considered more community norms as opposed to hard fast rules such as governments can set. Two examples will follow. First, we will look at our society. Yes, the USAs turn to no child and one child families. This was caused by society. Society pushes Americans to have successful careers both male and female. There has been a switch from families to careers. This not providing Americans with the time or means for multiple children, but cutting the number down to one or none. Another example of societys control, is the push in some Asian/Middle Eastern countries for a familys first child to be male. Even when there is no government regulation many cultures push for your first child to be male. This forces families to abort females and even murder them once they have been born. Once again this is a society/cultural push not a mandated rule. These instances are what different societies have created for themselves, when included in one of these societies it is hard to say whether it is right or wrong. I will first address the aspect that government should not control family size. First of all, it is a natural and religious right to produce offspring. Breed, multiply and populate has been the belief since the beginning of time. The idea is to grow population so that our beliefs and way of life may be spread and passed on. Who is government to take these right away? Governmental control over family size goes against everything that the USA stands for. This would be an age-old idea called freedom. When a government starts dictating the kind and size of family a person can have. Almost all freedom is lost. Another topic briefly addressed above is the aborting and murdering of babies that arent male. A first hand example of this is China. China regulates or gives incentives to families that only produce one child. This is where the problem begins because most families want this child to be male. Male children are providers and will go out and join the working world. They will be ?succe ssful?. Many female babies are aborted once sex is determined. If sex is not determined before birth, once born many female babies are abandoned or destroyed. This showing the cruelty that government controlled family size will push people to. .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc , .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc .postImageUrl , .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc , .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc:hover , .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc:visited , .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc:active { border:0!important; } .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc:active , .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u715c0ea628c291e7717cdc057be691dc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Liberalism1 EssayGovernment should control family size because in most instances the general population can not handle this for themselves. A prime example of this is our already over crowded inner cities. People with chemical addictions and no financial means are cranking out babies right and left. They have no means of providing for all of these children. Government currently provides for these under privileged children, that as cruel as it sounds, should not have been born. I have had a first hand example of this problem. A family friend in another state has adopted three crack babies from the same mother; this mother is also on welfare. This certain mother is by no mea ns an exception. China is another example of why government needs to control population. Look at the current problems that they are faced with because in previous years they have done nothing. Left uncontrolled, population will snowball out of control. Government needs to be aware of the ever -increasing population growth problem. I believe that rather that mandating how many children a family can have. They should educate its population on different means of birth control and possibly start providing for free. Especially in this country a harsher penalties needs to be imposed for chemical dependent mothers that become baby factories. An education/management plan can be imposed allowing individuals the freedom to determine the number of children they desire to have. Bibliographynone

Tucker free essay sample

Although the film depicts Tucker as a hero, the facts revealed during the trial and his statements immediately after the trial indicate a more ambiguous character. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, justice, politics, business-government relationship Setting the Stage: Preston Tucker has designed and built â€Å"the car of the future† in 1948, a car featuring seatbelts, safety glass, fuel injection, and other innovations years ahead of their time. Tucker has accused the Big Three auto makers of sabotaging his production plans while he was busy promoting the car and selling stock in his new company. Now Tucker’s company has collapsed and he is on trial for selling stock and dealerships for a car that he never produced. Copppola on Tucker: The Man and His Dream 1 Click to View Scene Description of Events in Segment: The scene begins with Tucker entering the courthouse for his trial. The prosecution presents witnesses who paid for dealerships and auditors who claim Tucker used much of the $26 million he raised for personal expenses. We will write a custom essay sample on Tucker or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tucker counters that he made only honest business mistakes and that he did, in fact, produce the 50 cars required by the government for use of the war surplus factory he was given. He makes a closing statement to the jury in which he warns that the entrepreneurial spirit is being crushed by bureaucracy and established interests. The jury delivers a verdict of not guilty, and Tucker invites everyone for a ride in his cars. As the people admire the cars, Abe tells him the company is dead and the cars will never be produced. Tucker replies that it makes no difference whether 50 cars or 50 million cars were produced; what matters is the dream. Ethical Concepts and Issues Illustrated: On the surface, the scene may appear to be a simple story of a good entrepreneur opposed by the evil establishment. But a closer look reveals a conflict between dreams and realistic expectations. Did the fact that Tucker had some good design ideas excuse his selling dealerships for a car he lacked the financing to produce? At what point does dreaming become fraud? The continuing controversy over Tucker provides some historical perspective on present corporate scandals and CEO’s whose defense is that they dreamed too big and made honest mistakes. Additional Comments: Tucker was working on plans to produce a sports car in Brazil when he died of an illness six years after his acquittal. Forty-seven of the fifty-one Tucker automobiles produced still exist, each worth about a quarter of a million dollars. The Tucker Automobile Club is an active organization for fans of the man and his cars. Questions for Discussion: 1. Was Tucker ethical to sell dealerships for a car that he lacked the resources to produce? 2. Was Tucker ethical to sell very risky investments to people who could not afford the risk? Would it have made a difference if they understood the risk they were taking? 3. Was Tucker correct when he said the innovative entrepreneurs were being crushed by established bureaucracies? Is that statement true today? Copppola on Tucker: The Man and His Dream 2 4. Should the revelation that Tucker’s chief financial officer had been convicted of embezzlement affect the assessment of Tucker? 5. Does the fact that Tucker produced 50 cars prove that he had a viable plan for an automobile company? 6. Put yourself in the role of (a) the prosecutor, or (b) the defense attorney, or (b) the jury at Tucker’s trial. What would you have said? 7.

Medical report Essays

Medical report Essays Medical report Paper Medical report Paper Dermatology department of N Municipal Hospital has the inpatient capacity of 20 beds. Most common diseases are psoriasis (like the case of Cristine Wandler, 37 years chief-cook), keratoses (actinic and seborrheic) and benign skin tumors. Skin infections are relatively rare, most are of fungal origin. Department provides video-dermatoscopic diagnostic procedures, biopsy and criotherapy of skin masses and set of diagnostic laboratory procedures - cytopathologic and hystopathologic analyses, microbiologic assays (microscopic analyses, cultural analyses, antibiotic, antiviral and fungicide sensitivity assays) and allergene identification essays. General dermatology service, female and male genital dermatology services and suspected cancer service are available in the department. Paediatric dermatology service is not available. In the department exists suspected cancer specialty team. It works closely with Oncology department in diagnostics of the earliest stages of skin cancer. Oncology department has the inpatient capacity of 50 beds. Most common are breast cancer, uterus cancer, skin cancer and lung cancer. Joe Araya (42 years, farm-worker, central lung cancer, second stage) admitted most recently. Department provides radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgical treatment and palliative treatment services. CT and MRT are available for diagnostics, and two linear accelerators, superficial X-ray machine and selectron machine are available for radiotherapeutical treatment. Cytopathologic and hystopathologic analyses and chemiotherapy tolerance tumor cell culture tests are provided by the department. In the department breast cancer (early diagnostics, tomography, surgical and chemotherapeutical treatment), radiological treatment (inpatient, outpatient treatment, superficial ray treatment, deep location radiation treatment) and ginecological oncology (differential diagnostics, chemiotherapy services) specialty teams exist. Gastroenterology departments inpatient capacity is 25 beds. Most common for the department are gastritis of differrent types, gastroduodenitis, peptic ulcers, chronic cholecystitis (e. g. Sarah Jones, 19 years, student) and bile-excreting tracts dysfunctions. Department provides general gastroenterology, liver disease, early ulcer diagnostic and suspected gastroenterology cancer in- and outpatient services. Gastroduodenoscopic studies, gastric juice acidity tests, ultrasound diagnostic studies and X-ray examinations are conducted in the department. Ulcer treatment specialty team works in the department providing nonsurgical and surgical treatment of ulcers and ulceral bleedings. Pulmonary department has 10 beds inpatient capacity. Most common are pneumonia, bronchial asthma (as Dave Stevenson, manager, 29 years, allergic form of bronchial asthma ) and chronic bronchitis. Department provides fluorographic and bronchoscopic diagnostic services. Allergene identification assays, broad allergological assays and microscopic analyses are available for the department patients. There are no specialty teams in the pulmonary department of the Hospital. Cardiology department has inpatient capacity of 50 beds. Most common diseases are coronary heart disease, abnormal heart rhythms (Alison G. Fordington, 69 years, paroxysmal tachycardia), hypertension. Various types of electrocardiographic tests and electrocardiographic monitoring, coronarographic, echocardiographic and doppler ultrasound examinations are available for inpatient, day care and outpatient general cardiology, arythmia treatment, coronary heart disease and hypertension treatment services. Laboratory blood analyses for alanine-aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and related enzymes activity often performed on demand of department specialists. Department has myocardial infarction, anti-arythmia and heart attack reabilitation specialty teams that provide intensive inpatient care to respective groups of patients. Endocrinology department has inpatient capacity of 10 beds. Most common diseases are diabetes, hyper- and hypothyroidism (e. g. Simon Gan, driver, 42 years, diabetes mellitus). Department performs growth hormone, diabetes, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal tests and water deprivation test. Inpatient and outpatient diabetes type I and II and thyroid gland dysfunction diagnostic and treatment services are available for patients of the department. Laboratory tests for insuline, total T4, total T3, free T4 by dialysis, thyroglobulin autoantibody and thyroid profile are performed. Diabetes and thyroid dysfunction specialty teams work in the department, providing expert diagnostics, treatment and care twenty four seven. Obstetrics department capability for inpatient care is 15 beds. Most common pregnancy complications are gestational diabetes, ectopic pregnancies and Rh negative disease (e. g. Marie Hayman, 23, pregn II deliv. II rh-negative disease). Department provides early outpatient consultations, inpatient and daily care treatment of early and late stage complications, inpatient care of parturient women and neonatologic care for new-born. Cesarean section, induction, external cephalic version are performed by the department obstetricians. Specialty teams of abnormal labor and neonatologic care work in the department, providing qualified treatment to patients thst fit under their expertise. Department of gynecology has inpatient capability of 24 beds. Most common for this department are dysmenorrhea, urinary tract infections, polycystic ovarian syndrome and dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Anne Carlisle (32 years, dysmenorrheic syndrome) admitted most recently. Department performs diagnostic pelvic ultrasound tests, breast and cervical biopsy, mammogram and hysteroscopy on inpatient and daily care basis. Services of specialty team of uterine bleeding treatment are available. Orthopedics department capability for inpatient care of 22 beds. The department most common cases are arthrites, contractures, scoliosis (e. g. Timothy Davis, 14 years, 3-rd grade scoliosis), ligament injuries and rheumatoid arthritis. Inpatient and outpatient orthopedic surgery services are available for the departments patients. Arthroscopic surgery, arthroplasty, joints stabilization, reconstruction of ligaments are among the procedures that specialists of the department perform. Specialty teams of orthopedic reconstructional surgery and arthroscopic surgery provide services of surgical treatment Department of neurology has capability for inpatient treatment of 40 patients at time. Most common diseases of patients of the department are transient ischaemic attacks, epilepsy, migraines, Parkinsons disease and Alzheimer disease. Recently admitted Paula Compton, 21 years old - first episode of grand mal epilepsia. General neurology service, epilepsy service, movement disorder service and suspected neurological cancer service are available. Electroencephalography, electromyography, nerve conduction velocity tests, serebral arteriography, X-ray examinations of the scull and the spine, CT scans of the brain and spine, lumbar punction and cerebrospinal fluid examination are performed in the department. Specialty team of cerebral blood circulation disorders management, status epilepticus treatment team and neuroendoscopic surgery team work within the department providing

Facilities Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facilities Management - Essay Example The article reveals that the main problem with the initiative is the con that, it will take long for investors to see the benefit from their investments. The problem is evident in facilities such as schools and city halls, where the return on investment may take a long time and investors are not convinced as to whether it is a worthwhile investment. In the case of the commercial sector, the problem is more apparent due to the fact that, it is difficult to predict business growth, and whether the duration of the eco-friendly building will match the time-line of the business. An example of this factor is municipal buildings; since they are used through generations, it is difficult to establish whether the buildings will be able to last the duration of the generations. It has resulted in the investors being skeptical about the plan. (Taylor, ‘Building a Better Future’) As a result, short terms measures have been suggested such as creating small projects that facilitate the reduction of carbon emission, and ensure a short-term return on investment. Such factors have led to individual’s missing out on financial opportunities. The intervention of the government has led helped in aiding the investment hurdles and promoting the development of more concrete programs that will provide a better return on investment. ... Such is the importance of getting investors and businesses in general to alter their business models, to those that will emphasize the development of energy efficient firms and save money both in the short and the long-term. The article is an educative piece of literature on the importance of establishing energy efficient businesses. It is evident how firms are using much energy at the moment, hence spending more money than they should in their daily operations. Based on the article’s information, it is clear that businesses should seek ways of reducing energy use, and this eventually will lead to a reduced cost of production. In conclusion, we learn, the fact that firms use more energy in production has resulted in the high prices of commodities in the market (Taylor, ‘Building a Better Future’). With use of energy conserving measures in organizations, it will reduce the production costs and in turn, reduce the price of commodities in the market. Based on that, e nergy conserving factors will serve to influence the internal and external factors of a business. It implies that energy conserving will be the catalyst for the reduction in the cost factors on a country’s scale. Energy conserving can be considered as the solution to making life in the US much cheaper. An Online Solution The article highlights the challenges encountered by real estate and facility managers, in handling asset related data. Several core processes are usually involved in facility management hence it is important to establish situations where data exchange occurs. This will help facility managers come up with tools that will ensure efficient and

Health Issues In Gender, Age and Ethnicity Essay

Health Issues In Gender, Age and Ethnicity - Essay Example makes the individuals have an inaccurate discernment of their appearance and have an intense feeling and need to lose weight even when they are thin, posing an harm to their health status. Anorexia is a common disorder among women in United Kingdom. According to the Royal College of Psychiatrists (2015), 95% of people suffering from anorexia in United Kingdom are women. Though the actual numbers of people suffering from anorexia is not known since most cases go undiagnosed, it is estimated that 5% of women aged between 15 and 30 in United Kingdom suffer from anorexia. The Royal College of Psychiatrists (2015) also suggests that women between the age of 15 and 30 have a high probability than men of suffering from anorexia. This makes women ten times more likely to suffer from anorexia. It is estimated that 10% of women in United Kingdom suffering from anorexia succumb to it every year. Anorexia is a common disorder among the age bracket of 15 to 30 years and may become severe leading to

Fill Factor Analysis of Organic Solar Cell

Fill Factor Analysis of Organic Solar Cell Rashmi Swami, Rajesh Awasthi, Sanjay Tiwari Abstract Solar cell is a device used to convert light into electricity. It can be made by organic and inorganic materials. Its most important parameters are open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor and conversion efficiency. This paper is based on the analysis of factors that affect the fill factor of organic solar cell using MATLAB. Fill factor is calculated using conventional organic solar cell model without series and shunt resistances and constant light generated current for two different cases –first using Exponential dark characteristic and second using Polynomial dark characteristic. We get for exponential V-I relationship increase in ideality factor n, will reduce the fill factor and for polynomial V-I relationship increase in m will increase fill factor. A large dependence of light generated current Iph on increasing applied voltage would cause a significant drop in fill factor. Increase or decrease in an additional factor would accordingly change fill factor. Dark current can be varied in two ways, one by varying mobility and other by varying injection barrier heights. In both the cases fill factor increases proportionately with . Keywords – Organic solar cell, fill factor, ideality factor, open circuit voltage, HTL, ETL. Introduction Bilayer organic solar cell as shown in fig. 1(a) is a device in which thin layer of organic material (donor and acceptor) is used between electrodes to convert light into electricity. This work is completely based on bilayer structure of organic solar cell as shown in fig.1(a) in which poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bis-N,N-(4-butylphenyl)-bis-N,N-phenyl-1,4phenylenediamine) (PFB) is organic donor/HTL and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) ( F8BT) is organic acceptor/ETL. Fig. 1(b) shows simplest conventional organic solar cell model without series and shunt resistances. Open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor and efficiency are four important parameters of OSC. FF = Vmax Imax / VOC ISC When Vm= VOC and Im= ISC then (FF)max=1. For a good photo-voltaic device, all three factors FF, VOC, ISC should be large so that it can deliver large output power for the same incidental optical power. (b) Fig. 1 : (a) Bilayer organic solar cell structure. (b) Conventional organic solar cell model without series and shunt resistances. Simulation Model and Analysis of Fill Factor Two cases have been studied, one where dark characteristic is exponential like p-n junction and other where dark characteristics is polynomial like in space charge limited devices. 1.2.1Exponential Current Voltage Relationship – In this model, dark characteristic is assumed to follow exponential current voltage relationship and Iph is assumed to be constant. (1) where n is ideality factor and Vth is thermal voltage, Iph is light generated current, Id is dark current and I is net output current. Total output measured current can be written as a function of photo-generated current and dark current. (2) Output power of organic solar cell when it is operating at voltage V and giving current I- If maximum power is obtained at voltage Vm, , here assuming (3) Here y exp(y) is Lambert’s W function (4) and (5) At VOC net output current will be zero. At this condition eq. (2) will give (6) 1.2.2 Polynomial Current-Voltage Relationship In this case it is assumed that dark current depends on the applied voltage in the following manner- (7) Where K is constant and . (8) If photovoltaic is operated at voltage V and output current is I, output power will be- To calculate fill factor, one needs to find out the maximum power which photo-voltaic cell can supply. If maximum power is delivered at voltage Vm This will give, (9) and (10) At VOC net output current will be zero. At this condition eq. (8) will give (11) and (12) 1.2.3 Effect of Dark Current on Fill Factor – Simulation using 1D drift-diffusion electrical modeling of bilayer OSC in MATLAB is done. We obtained that the dependence of light generated current on the applied voltage means that fill factor would depend on it as well besides shape of dark characteristics. An estimate of variation of light current can be obtained by taking ratio of its value at short circuit and open circuit condition – At 0 volt, At VOC, i.e. The ratio is a measure of how drop in Iph with the voltage. This ratio can be written as – Thus shows an additional factor that would affect fill factor. As this factor increases or decreases, the fill factor should accordingly change too. Results and Conclusions Eq. (3) suggests that as ideality factor n is changed, keeping reverse saturation current I0 and photo-generated current Iph constant, Vm changes in such a manner that (Vm/n) remains constant. So Im will also be constant as it is a function of (Vm/n). From eq. (6) open circuit voltage is also changes with ideality factor n such that (VOC/n) remains constant. It follows from the above reasoning that (Im/ISC) and (Vm/VOC) will be unchanged if n will vary keeping the reverse saturation current constant. Hence as ideality factor n varies keeping the reverse saturation current I0 constant, fill factor of the device will remain unchanged. Though if open circuit voltage (VOC) assumed to be constant by varying reverse saturation current I0 as ideality factor n changes, fill factor will change accordingly. Assuming Iph to be 1 mA-cm-2, I0 to be mA-cm-2 and ideality factor n to be 1, open circuit voltage and fill factor come out to be 1.25 volts and 0.9 respectively. Taking Iph and VOC constant, the variation of fill factor with ideality factor n is shown in fig. 2. We get that increase in the value of ideality factor n, will reduce the value of fill factor Fig. 2 : Variation of fill factor with ideality constant n. open circuit voltage and light generated current are taken to be constant as 1.25 V and 1 mA-cm-2 respectively. Eq. (12) shows that fill factor is a function of m. Variation of fill factor with m is shown in fig. 3. For m = 1, FF = 0.25. As m increases fill factor also increases and approaches to 1. However, FF will become only 1 when m is infinity. In this case also, m is a measure of the sharpness of the characteristic curve. As m increases, I-V curve becomes increasingly sharper resulting in a high fill factor. For polynomial dark characteristic with constant light generated current we get that increase in m will increase fill factor which approaches to 1 Fig. 3 : Variation of fill factor with m. fill factor approaches to 1 as m becomes larger and larger. Simulation results revealed in fig. 4 show that light generated current Iph is a function of applied voltage, means FF would depend on it as well besides shape of dark characteristic. A large dependence of Iph on increasing applied voltage would cause a significant drop in FF. Increase or decrease in an additional factor would accordingly change fill factor. Dark current can be varied in two ways, one by varying mobility and other by varying injection barrier heights. In both the cases fill factor increases proportionately with as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6. Fig. 4 : Dependence of light generated current on the applied voltage. and are the hole and electron mobilities respectively. and are the injection barriers at anode and cathode respectively. Fig. 5 : Variation of fill factor with for 0.1eV and 0.3eV injection barrier heights. Different points have been obtained by changing mobility. Fig. 6 : Variation of fill factor with for carrier mobilities and . Different points have been obtained by changing injection barrier height. References J. A. Barker, C. M. Ramsdale, and N. C. Greenham, â€Å"Modeling the current-voltage characteristics of bilayer polymer photovoltaic devices†, Physical Review B 67, (2003), 075205. D. P. Grubera, G. Meinhardtb and W. Papousekc, Modelling the light absorption in organic photovoltaic devices, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 87, (2005), 215-223. J. Wagner, T. Fritz, and H. Bottcher, Computer modelling of organic thin film solar cells exciton model of photocurrent generation, Physica Status Solidi A, 136, (1993), 423. Y. Roichman and N. Tessler, â€Å" Generalized Einstein relation for disordered semiconductors implications for device performance†, Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, (2002), 1948. J. C. Scott and G. G. Malliaras, â€Å"Charge injection and recombination at the metal-organic interface†, Chem. Phys. Lett., 299, (1999), 115. S. E. Shaheen, C. J. Brabec, N. S. Sariciftci, F. Padinger, T. Fromherz, and J. C. Hummelen,† 2.5 % efficient organic plastic solar cells†, Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, (2001), 841-843 B. K. Crone, P. S. Davids, I. H. Cambell and D. L. Smith, â€Å"Device model investigation of bilayer organic light emitting doide†, J. Appl. Phys., 84, (2000), 1974. P. W. M. Blom, M. J. M. de Jong and S. Breedijk, â€Å"Temperature dependent electron hole recombination in polymer light emitting diodes†, Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, (1997), 930. C. M. Ramsdale, J. A. Barker, A. C. Arias, J. D. MacKenzie, R. H. Friend and N. C. Greenham, â€Å"The origin of open circuit voltage in polyfluorene-based photovoltaic device†, J. Appl. Phys, 92, (2002),4266. B. Mazhari, â€Å"An improved solar cell circuit model for organic solar cells†, Solar Energy Materials Solar Cells, 90, (2002), 1021.

Digestion

The food that is ingested needs to go through several processes in the body before it is assimilated into the body. These processes occur in the alimentary tract which is a long structure beginning from the mouth to the anus. There are also other important chemicals, hormones and digestive juices which are involved in this whole process. These are found in specific portions of the tract and each food is digested or broken down in specific region. Therefore, the breakdown of food is either mechanical or chemically carried out.The end result is the division of the food into very small components or sizes that can pass through into the cells (Insel, Turner and Ross, 2004). Everyone has at one time embarked on a journey in their lifetime. In addition to this, you hope to have a smooth trip and reach your destination safely. Herbert the hamburger has prepared to go through a very long and tortuous journey of his life. Everything is in place and he only hopes to have a safe trip. The main purpose of this trip is to deliver very vital documents that are needed to a company known as Body Builders.If these documents do not reach their destination, the company dies. These documents includes; Fats, Carbohydrates, Proteins and Minerals. The journey begins in the mouth where Herbert goes through some rough machines known as the teeth. This breaks it down into small forms through mastication. The document known as carbohydrate starts to be processed in the mouth and it involves a good friend known as saliva who is the boss in this department. Saliva does this with the help of amylase. This breaks it down into simple forms. From the mouth, permission is anted to move to the next level.To do this, Herbert is rolled into a bolus by the tongue and thrown at the back of the mouth. The epiglottis prevents Herbert from going through the trachea which is a wrong route. Herbert moves down in a smooth wave known as peristalsis into the esophagus until it reaches the gate of another de partment known as the stomach. This gate is known as the cardiac sphincter (Insel, Turner and Ross, 2004). In the stomach, enzymes are also involved in the digestion process. Protein digesting enzymes are known as proteases. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.The bonds existing between them are broken down by hydrochloric acid from gastric wall. This is followed by breakdown of amino acids by the enzyme pepsin (Insel, Turner and Ross, 2004). The food enters the small intestines through the pyloric sphincter. In the small intestine, pancrease produces amylase which further breaks carbohydrates to lactose, sucrose and maltose. These are broken down by lactase, sucrase and maltase enzymes respectively. These three are converted to an important form known as glucose which is absorbed via the villi on the walls of the intestines and finally find its way into blood circulation.Glucose is necessary for cell metabolism and function. However, the amount of glucose is regulated b y the liver with the help of hormones. Too much glucose (hyperglycemia) is transformed into glycogen and stored in the liver through the help of insulin. In cases where glucose levels are low in the blood (hypoglycemia), the reverse happens i. e. conversion of glycogen to glucose with the help of the hormone glucagon. In cases where there is no glycogen, the hormone glucagons initiate formation of glucose from amino acids or fats.This process is known as gluconeogenesis (Insel, Turner and Ross, 2004). The digestion of fats is with the help of enzymes known as lipases. Fats are complex molecules and should be turned into small molecules. This happens with the help of lipase enzyme from the pancrease and the end result is glycerol and fatty acid molecules. In addition to this process, bile from liver enters through the bile duct and emulsifies the fat. This makes it easy for the enzyme (lipase) to break down the fats starting from the surface. Storage of the bile usually occurs in the gall bladder.The body absorbs fats through the villi that cover the small intestines. The structure of the villus is such that it has capillaries and lacteals (lymph vessels). Fatty acids and glycerol enter into the lacteals into lymphatic system and finally bloodstream. Fatty acids find its way into adipose cells for storage or as source of energy (Insel, Turner and Ross, 2004). Protein digestion also continues in the small intestines in duodenum. The pancrease produces protease enzyme namely trypsin. In addition, chymotrypsin is also secreted. It works in a similar manner as pepsin.The end result of breakdown of protein by trypsin is amino acids. This is done through hydrolysis with insertion of water molecule between the bonds of amino acids. This helps in separation of the bonds that hold the amino acids together. The amino acids can thus pass through the intestinal wall into bloodstream. Their importance is in the repair of structures of the body. The waste products and undige sted material move to the large intestines where water is re-absorbed. From there, it moves to the cecum and out through the anus (Insel, Turner and Ross, 2004).

“I Have a Dream” by Martin Luther King Essay

The effect of repetition of words and phrases on the main messages contained I have a dream is an inspirational speech delivered by Martin Luther king to emphasizeover the critical situation of negroes, who are still living in the dark age. Whereas he examinesthat how the blacks are suffering in the crucial situation, to convey the true feelings of AfricanAmericans. This is an argumentative and persuasive appeal to the readers in order to makethem aware about the duality that is among the blacks and whites; they are not treated equallyin America. The speech of the king become noticeable and effective to the readers because ofthe continuous use of repetition of words that is also the strategy of the king to give the nationa wakeup call to take a step towards Negroes for their welfare. The speech also leaves thetremendous effect on the minds of people. Although the speech was more effective when theking first delivered it in 1963. Hence, the whole speech contains several examples of repetition of words like onehundred year later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundredyears later, the life of the negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and thechains of discrimination. These lines describes the present unbearable condition of thenegroes that they are still grabbed in the terrible situation and they have a desire to get rid ofthis poverty and sadness which is not easy for them to tolerate. And they want to acquire theirown peaceful land where they get the equal rights and which should be free of all bounding andrestrictions. Coming up with the other repetition that is now is the time to in the last lines ofthe fourth paragraph he uses these words several times, where he strongly addresses that this isthe time to help yourself by making yourself independent like a rock and say goodbye to thedark side of life and by throwing away this separation and inequalit y because every humanbeing is equal in the eye of God. Furthermore, he also emphasize over the satisfaction of Negro by repeating the words wecan never be satisfied as long as on behalf of them. The Negroes are being the victims ofbrutality and at every step they are treated like animals that did not do anything without thepermission of their masters. Perhaps Blacks are not supposed to enter in the hotels and placeswhere the  whites live and their vote even do not matter in any elections. These are thedepressing things for them and they will never be satisfied until they get justice and a completefreedom. King sounds recommending the nation in the words go back to with these words healso took the names of those areas where black lives. He recommends looking forward theseblacks communities, then you come to know that the situation of blacks can be changed and itwill be changed. Instead, he is provoking those blacks that have lost their hope to live withtheir own identity and he also tells the blacks in a didactic way that they should leave thevalley of social outcast. Another repetition of word is I have a dream that begin from 10paragraph to 18 paragraph. Which indicates king emotional appeal towards the black that howimportant is freedom for them, their desire to be treated fairly not by ignorance and hatred,desire of holding the hands of whites to walk and live their lives together, the dream of havingjustice and the dream not to judge by their skin color but by their heart and character. Theydont want any separate nation for them but a nation, which is united and with equalopportunities as with the other white Americans. They want to destroy this inferiority amongthem, they want to low down all those hills and mountains where a person feel himself superiorto others and this is not only the dream of blacks but of America. Elaborating the other example with this faith we will be able to indicates that by this faithwe will definitely be able to come across the feelings of brotherhood and love for each other,and by this faith we will do every work of our routine life together. The word together willcome in our lives and with this togetherness we will understand the meanings of life that isgifted by God to us. By the help of the following words let freedom ring from the king tellsthat every state, valley and city will sing the song of freedom, love, prosperity, brotherhoodand justice. And we need to struggle for the day when we would say finally that we our free. In a nutshell the kings style in the whole essay is very effective and appealing. Therepetition of words and phrases used in this essay are very powerful which directly effect theheart of reader and make them realize that  this is the time to do something for the negroes andnot be late now.

Thomas Paine Common Sense Analysis - 772 Words

Paine’s Common Sense â€Å"My country is the world, and my religion is to do good† (Thomas Paine common sense). Thomas Paine was an English-American political activist and philosopher who changed the world through his words and writing. In Common Sense, distributed in January 1776, the pamphlets sold in the thousands and was extremely persuasive. It transformed a neighborhood uprising into a War of Independence and Thomas Paine was given the title Father of the American Revolution. He challenged great minds to advocate the idea of freedom of conscience. Thomas Paines history extraordinarily affected individuals during his own time and furthermore propelled numerous scholars. A few of Thomas Paine achievements were â€Å"The age of Reason† and†¦show more content†¦If Paine would have simply rewritten and altered this sentence to say, All plans and proposals are superseded. The reader perhaps would not think any more than â€Å"the orders were useless.† Thomas Paine uses rheto rical question to persuade and influence his audience. In these phrase, Paine uses rhetorical question to make his point clear and to make his audience think about his questions. â€Å"But admitting, that we were all of English descent, what does it amount to? Nothing.† (Common sense). Common sense was composed as a way to energize American independence. He is endeavoring to motivate his audience members and readers to answer these questions for themselves. According to law.gmu.edu an online PDF of common sense, In the beginning of page 91Thomas Paine asks questions rapidly, â€Å"I ask, hath your house been burnt? Hath your property been destroyed before your face? Are your wife and children destitute of a bed to lie on, or bread to live on?† (Thomas Paine). One question after another Paine tries to make his reader think for themselves and influences his audience to speak and repeal against Britain. In doing this the American Revolution was able to start. According t o an eBook found in Galileo (1776) â€Å"Thoughts on the Present State of American Affairs*IN the following pages I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Common Sense By Thomas Paine826 Words   |  4 PagesCommon Sense by Thomas Paine Analysis Initial Reaction The first sentence of the introduction, â€Å"a long habit of not thinking a thing wrong, gives it a superficial appearance of being right,† (Paine, 1776) is instantly captivating to me by the Paine’s acknowledgement that by not standing up to wrong and injustices when you see or experience it is the same as giving the injustice your seal of approval for the wrongs being done. The very fact that Pain is admittingly not fan of government but goes onRead MoreThomas Paine Common Sense Analysis1052 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Declaration of Independence† and Thomas Paine’s â€Å"Common Sense.† Basically, the two documents echo principles stated in John Locke’s â€Å"Second Treatise of Government,† and share a style of expressing their feelings on national issues; the authors examine and give reasons for colonial problems with the government and offer a solution. The tone and audience might vary, but the overall message is similar in its principles, showing the impact Locke and Paine had on such a vital document in our historyRead MoreThomas Paine Common Sense Analysis1119 Words   |  5 Pagesto find moral and political reasons to justify revolution. In the pamphlet, Common Sense, Frenchman Thomas Paine brought forth such reason using rhetorical elements such as figurative language, rhetorical questions, and assertions in order to boost the morale of the colonists and support the Americans in their revolution against Britain. Proving that the liberties of the common people are something worth fighting for, Paine uses relatable figurative language in order to provide a more personal connectionRead MoreAnalysis Of Common Sense By Thomas Paine1699 Words   |  7 PagesIn his 1776 pamphlet, Common Sense, Thomas Paine wrote, â€Å"Not one third of the inhabitants, even of this province, are of English descent. Wherefore I reprobate the phrase of parent or mother country applied to England only, as being false, selfish, narrow and ungenerous† (Paine, 23-24). After decades of civil and religious persecution in Europe, Puritans among others fled to New England in search of a land where they could live without fear. 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Common Sense, a pamphlet, can be credited as to inciting the American Colonies to revolt against GreatRead MorePrimary Source Analysis Common Sense Essays796 Words   |  4 Pages Primary Source Analysis Thomas Paine Common Sense Context: In result of The Seven Years’ War Britain controlled American trade and territory. In order to pay for the expenses of the war several taxation acts and military presence were implemented such as the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Currency Act, Quartering Act and the presence of British troops at the colonies. Consequently, Americans who thought these actions violated their political and constitutional liberties opposed these policies withRead MoreCommon Sense Essay663 Words   |  3 PagesCommon Sense The persuasion towards independence represented through the pamphlet Common Sense, is largely effective. The work portrays the unjust treatment received by the colonies from the mother country, England. Thomas Paine begins with the creation of government, as lived by the colonist, and progresses to the wrongful acts administered by Parliament and the King of England. Finally, Thomas Paine gives confidence to the unity of the colonies, and details a forceful removal of EnglishRead MorePolitical Philosophy and Paine Essay example1568 Words   |  7 PagesJesus Chaveste HIST 1301 Dr. Olivares September 7, 2013 Thomas Paine Questions 1. Why do you think Thomas Paine writes Common Sense anonymously? How does he think his work will be remembered? Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense anonymously because the ideas he used in writing the book were contradicting the government at that time. If the government knew that he wrote it then they will take action against him to punish him. He probably thought that his work would remain as something memorable